204 



FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 



218. Union of Separate Circles. The members of one 

 of the circles of floral organs may join those of another 

 circle, thus becoming adnate, adherent, or consolidated. 

 In Fig. 139' the calyx tube is adnate to the 

 ovary. In this case the parts of the flower do 

 not all appear to spring from the receptacle. 

 Fig. 155 illustrates three common cases as 

 regards insertion of the parts of the flower. 

 In I they are all inserted on the receptacle, 

 and the corolla and stamens are said to be 

 hypogynous, that is, beneath the pistil. In II 

 ^ IQ petals and the stamens appear as if they 





stamens of had grown fast to the calyx for some distance, 

 so that they surround the pistil, and they are 



Ill 



therefore said to be perigynous, that is, 

 around the pistil. In III all the parts are 

 free or unconsolidated, except the petals 

 and stamens ; the stamens may be described 

 as epipetalous, that is, growing on the petals. 



Sometimes some or all 



of the other parts stand 



upon the ovary, and such 

 FIG. 152. Diadeiphous parts are said to be epig- 



Stamens of Sweet Pea. ^^ ^^ ^ Qn ^ 



ovary, like the petals and stamens of the 

 white water-lily (Fig. 156). 



219. Floral Diagrams. Sections (real FlG< 153. stamens 

 or imaginary) through the flower length- of a Thistle > with 



e Anthers united 



wise, like those of Fig. 155, help greatly into a King. 



in giving an accurate idea of the relative , united anthers;/, 



r . . filaments, bearded 



position of the floral organs. Still more on the sides. 



