GYMNOSPERMS 15 



scales in pairs, having a pair of winged seeds under all except 

 the top and bottom pair. These are tall, symmetrical trees, with 

 horizontally flattened branches and scale-shaped, evergreen 

 leaves adnate and decurrent in 4 rows, with the tips free. 



T. gigante'a Nutt. This is a very tall tree found in the Coast 

 Mountains of Oregon, in Washington, northern Idaho, and British 

 Columbia. The cones are densely clustered at the ends of the droop- 

 ing branchlets, and the foliage is a bright, shining green. The bark 

 is thin and fibrous, the wood soft but durable. 



IV. LIBOCE'DRUS, Incense Cedar 



Similar to Thuya, but with 12 or more scales on the stami- 

 nate cluster and with the cones not reflexed. These consist of 

 4-6 thick scales in pairs, the two largest only bearing seeds. 

 Seeds with unequal wings. 



L. decur'rens Torrey. This becomes a large tree in the Sierra 

 Nevada Mountains and has a trunk resembling that of the giant 

 Sequoia. It is also found on almost all the higher hills of the 

 Coast Mountains. 



V. SEQUOI'A, Redwood 



Monoacious. Staminate flowers small, very numerous near 

 the ends of young shoots, with 3-5 pollen sacs under each 

 scale. Fertile flowers at the ends of branchlets, consisting of 

 several scales with long-pointed tips which become bristles on 

 the shield-shaped scales of the cone. Each scale is diamond- 

 shaped with lines running to the center, giving the cone a 

 quilted appearance. The Sequoias are the largest trees on 

 earth. Their leaves are flattened or triangular scale-shaped ; 

 the bark very thick, fibrous, and spongy ; the wood red and 

 soft, easily split longitudinally, and the bark also cleaving 

 longitudinally. Both species are cultivated in different parts 

 of California. 



a. S. semper'virens Endl. REDWOOD. Cones small, oblong, of 

 about 20 scales, maturing in one season ; lower leaves flat, 2-ranked ; 

 upper leaves, on tall trees, scale-shaped. This forms immense forests 

 in northern California and extends, along the coast, from southern 

 Oregon to Point Gorda in Monterey County. The specific name 



