GYMNOSPERMS 



19 



d. P. contorta Dougl. Leaves 2 in a sheath, short. Cones small 

 and slender, 1-3 in. long, whorled, oblique, often remaining closed 

 for many years ; scales with strong knobs and delicate prickles. This is 

 a small tree. It is found along the coast from California to Alaska. 



FIG. 1. Scotch Pine (P. sylvestris). 



1, a twig showing : a, staminate catkins ; 6, pistillate catkins ; c, a cone ; d, needles. 

 2, an anther : a, side view ; b, outer surface. 3, a carpel scale : a, inner surface ; 

 6, outer surface. 4, a cone scale, a seed wing, and a seed. 5, section of a seed, 

 showing the embryo. 1 is natural size ; the other parts of the figure are magni- 

 fied by the amount indicated by comparison with the vertical line alongside each. 



The variety Murrayana is a tall, straight tree, growing in the moun- 

 tains and known as Lodge-pole Pine, from the use made of the 

 slender, straight stems by the Indians. It is widely distributed and 

 variable. 



