MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 29 



checkered variously in dark purple and greenish yellow. Pods with 

 winged angles. Bulb solid, not dividing into scales, but with rice-like 

 grains over the whole upper surface. In the Coast Mountains extend- 

 ing to British Columbia. 



b. F. biflo'ra Lindl. CHOCOLATE LILY. Leaves scattered or some- 

 times whoiied. Flowers 13, brownish red or sometimes greenish 

 purple. Pod angled but not winged. Bulb composed of thick, separable 

 scales and without rice-like grains. More common southward. 



c. F. recur'va Benth. Stem rather stout and tall, generally more 

 than a foot high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, in 2 whorls near the 

 middle of the stem. Flowers 1-9, scarlet spotted with yellow, obtuse at 

 base. This is found in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and it extends 

 northward into Oregon. 



(1. F. coccin'ea Greene. This is similar to the above, but the Jlowers 

 are acute at the base. It is found in the Coast Mountains. 



e. F. atropurpu'rea Nutt. Stem 6 in. to a foot high. Leaves scat- 

 tered or whorled. Flowers dull purplish or greenish, often imperfect, 

 less than an inch across when expanded. Pod with 3 short angles, broad- 

 est at the top. From northeastern California to the Columbia River. 



/. F. pu'dica Spreng. Stems 3-8 in. high. Leaves few, scattered 

 or whorled. Flowers generally solitary, yellow or orange and tinged 

 with crimson. Pod oblong, with angles obtuse. From east of the 

 Sierra Nevada Mountains to British Columbia. 



VII. ERYTHRO'NIUM, Dog-tooth Violet, Adder's Tongue 



Scapes from an oblong, deep-seated corm, generally with a 

 tooth-like offshoot. Leaves broad, often mottled with brownish 

 red, generally 2 at the base, spreading in opposite directions. 

 Flowers one or several in an umbel. Perianth nodding, open 

 bell-shaped, of 6 recurved divisions. Stamens 6, with erect 

 anthers and slender filaments. Pods 3-sided. 



a. E. gigante'um Lindl. Scape from 10 to 15 in. high. Flowers 1-6 

 in an umbel. Leaves often mottled, 6-10 in. long. Flowers cream- 

 color, often tinged with pink or brown, yellow in the center. Seg- 

 ments 1-2 in. long, much recurved. In the Coast Mountains from 

 Sonoma County to Washington. 



b. E. Hartwe'gi Watson. Scape shorter. Leaves generally mottled, 

 sometimes 3. Flowers pale yellow, orange at the center, with segments 

 1-1 1 in. long, recurved but little. Flowers on slender stems, from 1 to 5, 

 in a sessile umbel. This is found in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. 



c. E~ grandiflo'rum Pursh. Leave* not mottled. Flowers 1-6, yellow 

 or cream color, with the base of the perianth white. Anthers purple. 



