DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 45 



e. Q. chrysol'epis Liebm. DROOPING LIVE OAK, GOLDEN CUP 

 OAK. Leaves evergreen, oblong, entire or spinosely toothed, often 

 both kinds on the same branch, dark green on the upper surface, cov- 

 ered with a golden powder on the lower surface of young leaves : the old 

 leaves becoming smooth and paler beneath. Cup either bowl or saucer 

 shaped, more or less covered with yellow powder, sometimes so dense 

 as to conceal the scales of the cup. Acorns large and thick. This 

 is a shrub or an immense tree growing usually in canons. It is 

 extremely variable in leaves and fruit. Throughout California. 



/. Q. agrifolia Nee. LIVE OAK, ENCINO. Leaves evergreen, 

 spiny-toothed on the margin, which is curled under. Pubescence stellate. 

 Staminate flowers very numerous. Cup bowl-shaped, glossy, of flat 

 scales ; acorns slender, tapering, maturing in one year. This is a 

 round, compact tree, or it sprawls over the ground with low branches, 

 widely spreading. This never grows far from the sea, but keeps 

 within the fog-line. 



g. Q. Wislize'ni A. DC. POST OAK, LIVE OAK. Leaves ever- 

 green, dark, glossy, spiny-toothed, but not curled back, very stiff, 

 smooth on both sides when old. Acorns maturing in 2 years. Cup deep, 

 very rough-scaly. Acorns variable, often almost covered by the cup. 

 This is usually a tree, but is often shrubby and is found throughout 

 California. 



h. Q. Califor'nica Cooper (Q. Kelloggii). KELLOGG'S OAK, BLACK 

 OAK. Leaves deciduous, large, deeply lobed with pointed divisions, 

 smooth and glossy green when old. Fruit on short stems. Cups 

 deep with smooth scales ; acorns large, oblong, obtuse. Bark black 

 and rough. The young shoots are rose-color and densely tomentose. 

 Through the mountains of California. 



i. Q. densiflo'ra Hook & Arn. CHESTNUT OAK, TANBAKK OAK. 

 Leaves evergreen, oblong, ribbed with thick veins, toothed, covered more or 

 less with white tomentum. Cups saucer-shaped, densely covered with 

 long, linear, curved scales that give the cup a bristly appearance ; 

 acorns large, with a thick shell. This is in flower and fruit at the 

 same time, generally blooms in summer, and has large panicled spikes 

 of androgynous Jlowers. From the Tehachapi Range northward. 



II. CASTANOP'SIS, Western Chinquapin 



Flowers androgynous in erect axillary or terminal panicled 

 spikes. Staminate flowers with perianth 5-6-lobed, and 

 stamens twice as many ; sessile on the upper part of the 

 spikes. Pistillate flowers below, in a scaly involucre. Ovary 

 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, maturing only 13 nuts in 

 a roundish involucre, densely covered with brown, intricately 



