DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 159 



and filaments slender. Stigma entire or minutely 3-cleft. 

 Fruit an akene with the seed hanging. 



VALERIANEI/LA 



Low annuals with stems generally simple, and flowers in 

 cymes forming whorls at intervals along the stem. Corolla 

 rose-color, small, with tube swollen at base, or with a spur 

 and a 2-lipped border. Calyx without a border. The species 

 are few but somewhat difficult to distinguish. 



VALERIA'NA, Valerian 



Perennials, with simple steins. Flowers small, in terminal 

 panicles or cymes. Corolla white or pale pink. Calyx limb of 

 5-15 bristle-like lobes, which are curled up when the flower is in 

 i, but' sjtread out, becoming feathery in fruit. Stamens 3. 



a. V. sylvat'ica Richardson. Stems erect, a foot or two high, 

 from running rootstocks. Root leaves simple, on long, slender 

 petioles, or compound. Stem leaves pinnately divided into 3-11 

 leaflets, which are entire or sparingly toothed. Cymes closely flow- 

 ered, more open in fruit. Flowers light-pink or white, \ in. long. 

 In the mountains, from middle to great elevations. Summer. 



CAMPANULA'CE^. HAREBELL FAMILY 



Herbs with milky juice. Leaves alternate, without stipules. 

 Calyx adnate to the ovary, persistent. Corolla usually blue, 

 withering and persisting. Stamens generally 5, inserted at 

 the base of the corolla and alternate with its lobes, ripening 

 before the pistil. Stigma with 2-5 lobes, which do not 

 expand until some time after the flower opens. Style hairy, 

 so as to collect the pollen. Capsule 2-5-celled, with axillary 

 placenta, opening by holes at the top or on the sides. 



I. GITHOP'SIS 



Low, simple or branched annuals, with small blue flowers. 

 Calyx with a 10-ribbed tube and 5 long, narrow, leaf-like lobes. 



