DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 175 



petioles. Burs flat, less prickly and with weaker prickles than the 

 preceding, and inconspicuous beaks. Common, introduced. 



Tribe 5. HELIANTHOI'DE^:. Anthers without tails. Style 

 branches of perfect flowers, truncate or tipped with an append- 

 age. Bracts of the involucre not papery. Pappus never 

 capillary. Receptacle with chaffy scales mixed among the 

 flowers or only near those on the outside. 



XVI. WYE'THIA, California Compass Plants 



Perennial herbs with simple stems from a stout rootstock. 

 Leaves alternate, large, the same on both sides, erect, the 

 edges pointing north and south. Heads usually solitary, large, 

 with long broad, yellow rays. Bracts of the involucre in 2 or 

 3 rows, the outer leaf -like, the inner thinner and somewhat 

 membranous. Eeceptacle flat, with the chaffy scales partially 

 folded around the akenes. Pappus forming a cup on top of 

 the akene, or of from 1 to 4 rigid chaffy awns. These plants 

 bloom early in the flowering season. 



a. W. helenioi'des Nutt. Stems and leaves white-woolly when young. 

 Leaves all on short petioles, the lowest a foot or two long, 4-8 in. wide. 

 Heads large, 4 in. or more in diameter, leafy at base. Akenes pubes- 

 cent towards the apex. Pappus scales more or less united into a 

 cup. In bloom early. Around San Francisco Bay on hillsides. 



b. W. gla'bra Gray. Similar to the preceding, but the whole plant 

 is smooth and somewhat glutinous, the leaves are leathery and dark-green. 

 Akenes smooth. In bloom in April and May. In the Coast Moun- 

 tains, from Marin County southward. 



c. W. angustifolia Nutt. Radical leaves long-lanceolate, pointed at 

 both ends. Heads smaller than the two preceding, on long peduncles, 

 leafy only at base. Bracts of the involucre numerous, lanceolate, 

 hairy on the margin, loose and leafy. Pappus of 1-4 stout hirsute 

 awns, with short intervening scales. This is in bloom the latest. 

 It is common and widely distributed. 



d. W. amplexicau'lis Nutt. Smooth. Upper leaves sessile. Invo- 

 lucre broad, bell-shaped, of many loose scales. Pappus irithont 

 bristles. Eastern Oregon to Washington. 



XVH. BALSAMORRHFZA, Balsam-root 



Perennial herbs with thick aromatic roots and large leaves 

 chiefly from the root. Heads large, usually solitary and 



