296 



The Founders of Geology 



Severiuus, Petrus, cited, 6 

 Siberia, fossil elephants of, 81 

 Silesia, basalt of, 53, 65, 145 

 Silurian, origin of the term, 253 

 Silurian System, publication of, 255 

 Smith, William, 285, 286 ; birth and 

 early career, 224 ; becomes land- 

 surveyor, 225 ; his early geological 

 observations, 226 ; discovers the 

 stratigraphical value of fossils, 228 ; 

 his card of the English strata, 230 ; 

 establishes himself in London and 

 begins the preparation of his map 

 of England, 232 ; character of his 

 map, 233 ; his pecuniary difficul- 

 ties, 236 ; his death, 237 ; personal 

 traits, 237 

 Soland, Aime de, 16 

 Somma, Monte, dykes of, 187 

 Sorbonne, action of, regarding early 



geological speculation, 12 

 Sorby, Mr. H. C., importance of his 

 researches in modern petrography, 

 278, 286 



Spallanzani, L., 199 

 Staffa, 55 

 Steno, 5, 118, 120 

 Stolpen, basalt of, 53, 120 

 Stratigraphy, rise of, 201, 219, 244 ; 



rapid advance of, 241, 271 

 Studer, B., 92 



THEOLOGIANS, influence of, on geo- 

 logical progress, 7, 12 



Thuringer Wald, 98 



Townsend, J., 230 



Transition rocks, 114, 129, 245, 251 



Travel, rise of the spirit of scientific, 

 79 



Trembly, A., 54 



Trilobites, recognized as crustacean by 

 Guettard, 24 ; figured by Lhuyd, 

 25 ; described by A. Brongniart, 

 213 



Trudaine, 51 



UNIFORMITARIANISM, 281, 288 

 United States, progress of the doc- 

 trine of valley-erosion in, 181 ; pre- 

 Cambrian rocks of, 269 

 Ural Mountains, 84 



VALISNERI, 5 



Valleys, origin of, 64, 179 



Veins, Werner on, 127, 176, 177 ; 



Hutton on, 176 

 Velay, 198 

 Venetz, 271 



Venus, transit of, in 1769, 79 

 Verneuil, E. de, 256 

 Vivarais, 198, 204 

 Voigt, J. K. W., 122 

 Volcanic action, early ideas [of, 41, 



62 ; Werner's views regarding, 123 ; 



Button's opinion respecting, 172 ; 



Hall's observations on, 187 ; Mur- 



chison on ancient, 255 ; Sedgwick 



on, 258 

 Vulcanists, 117, 176, 201, 243 



WALES, Palaeozoic geology of, 249, 

 259 



Wallerius' Mineralogia, 56, 91 



Webster, T., 239 



Werner, A. G., adopts Guettard's 

 volcanic theory, 41, 62, 123 ; his 

 ideas on basalt, 78 ; his influence, 

 102, 136, 137, 197, 199; his 

 connection with the basalt-contro- 

 versy, 103, 120, 124 ; birth and 

 education, 104 ; his firstwork, 106; 

 appointed to the Mining Academy 

 of Freiberg, 106 ; personal traits of, 

 107, 134, 136 ; characteristics of 

 his teaching, 109 ; his sense of 

 method, 109 ; his relation to 

 mineralogy, 110, 275 ; his classifi- 

 cation of rocks, 113, 128 ; on 

 granite, 114, 129, 175 ; his dogma- 

 tism, 115, 288 ; his doctrine of a 

 former universal ocean, 114, 116, 

 117, 131 ; his views on supposed 

 disturbances of the earth's crust, 

 120, 127 ; his theory of veins, 127, 

 176, 177 ; compelled by the pro- 

 gress of discovery to modify his 

 system, 130 ; his relation to the 

 doctrine of geological succession, 

 131, 201; his doctrines influenced 

 by mining experience, 131 ; paucity 

 of his writings, 133 ; his lectures, 

 133, 134 ; dislike of correspond- 

 ence, 134 ; death, 135, 197 ; per- 

 manent effects of his teaching, 

 136 



Wernerian school, its explanation of 

 basalt, 43, 78 ; its doctrines, 109, 



