DECEMBER: SECOND WEEK 323 



There are a number of good nozzles on the market, but 

 for operations on foot under the trees select one of the 

 goose-necked or angle type. With this, a simple turn of 

 the wrist will direct the spray in any desired direction and 

 save a great deal of shifting from one side of the branch or 

 tree to the other. A cup-shaped washer of stiff leather, 

 three or four inches in diameter, that will slip tightly over 

 the pole, will keep the spray material from running down 

 the pole and up your sleeve; and a wooden handle made 

 of soft pine, bored out just large enough to fit snugly over 

 the spray pipe, and held in any desired position by a set 

 screw (made of any ordinary screw with the end squared off), 

 will make the handling of the pole more convenient. These 

 can be made with jackknife and bitstock. 



The Pests to Spray For 



The orchard pests that we can fight successfully in winter 

 are the various scales and scabs, though spraying now 

 will help to control a number of the other insect pests, and 

 will check still others by destroying cocoons, egg masses or 

 dormant larvae. Some of the scales are rather hard to find 

 and all are very small and innocent looking in comparison 

 with the serious damage they can accomplish. Here are 

 some of the things to spray for: 



San Jose scale, which is about the size and shape of the 

 head of a small pin, with a miniature " crater" at the center 

 of a full-grown specimen. When they have been allowed to 

 multiply unchecked, plainly discernible colonies, or small 

 patches of "crust," form on the branches. If any of your 

 fruit showed small red-rimmed spots last fall they were 

 the trade-mark of the San Jose scale. 



Oyster-shell scale forms colonies that incrust small apple 

 twigs and make patches on the larger limbs like the fore- 

 going. The scale, however, is of a different form, being 

 something the shape of an oyster shell, with a distinct point 

 or head at one end. 



Scurfy scale, about one-eighth of an inch long, resembles 



