ANNOTATIONS AND ADDITIONS. 99 



the Peruvians had dogs, "perros gozques." He calls the native 

 dog, Allco : it is called at present in the Quiclma language, to dis- 

 tinguish him from the European dog, " Runa-allco," " Indian dog" 

 (dog of the inhabitants of the country). The hairy Runa-allco 

 seems to be a mere variety of the shepherd's dog. He is small, 

 with long hair (usually of an ochry yellow, with white and brown 

 spots), and with upright, sharp-pointed ears. He barks a great deal, 

 but seldom bites the natives, however disposed to be mischievous to 

 the whites. When the Inca Pachacutec, in his religious wars with 

 the Indians of Xauxa and Huanca (the present valley of Huaucaya 

 and Jauja), conquered them, and converted them forcibly to the 

 worship of the sun, he found them paying divine honors to dogs. 

 Priests blew on the skulls of dogs, and the worshippers ate their 

 flesh. (Grarcilasso de la Vega, Comentarfos Reales, p. i. p. 184.) 

 This veneration of dogs in the valley of Huancaya is probably th e 

 reason why skulls, and even entire mummies of dogs, have been 

 found in the Huacas, or Peruvian graves belonging to the earliest 

 epoch. Von Tschudi, the author of an excellent Fauna Peruviana, 

 has examined these skulls, and believes them to belong to a peculiar 

 species of dog, which he calls Canis ingse, and which is different 

 from the European dog. The Huancas are still called derisively by 

 the inhabitants of other provinces, "dog-eaters." Among the na- 

 tives of the Rocky Mountains, cooked dog's flesh is set before stran- 

 gers as a feast of honor. Near Fort Laramie (one of the stations 

 of the Hudson's Bay Company for the fur trade with the Sioux In- 

 dians), Captain Fremont attended a feast of this description. (Fre*- 

 mont's Exploring Expedition, 1845, p. 42.) 



The Peruvian dogs had a singular part to play in eclipses of the 

 moon : they were beaten until the eclipse was over. The Mexican 

 Techichi, a variety of the common dog, which latter was called in 

 Anahuac Chichi, was completely dumb. Techichi signifies literally 

 stone-dog, from the Aztec, Tetl, a stone. The Techichi was eaten 

 according to the old Chinese fashion. The Spaniards found this 

 food, before the introduction of European cattle, so indispensable, 

 that almost the whole race was gradually extirpated. (Clavigero, 

 Storia antica del Messico, 1780, t. i. p. 73.) Buffon confounds the 

 Techichi with the Koupara of Gruiana. (T. xv. p. 155.) The latter 



