ANNOTATIONS AND ADDITIONS. 139 



covered with Bseomyces roseus, Cenomyce rangiferinus, Lecidea 

 muscorum, L. icmadophila, and similar Cryptogamese, which prepare 

 the way for the growth of grasses and herbaceous plants. In the 

 tropics, where mosses and lichens only abound in shady places, 

 some species of succulent plants take their place. 



(*) p. 33 " The care of animals yielding milky. The ruins 



of the Aztec fortress. 



The two kinds of cattle alluded to, and subsequently spoken of, 

 the Bos americanus and Bos moschatus, are peculiar to the Ame- 

 rican Continent. But the natives 



Queis neque mos, neque cultus erat, nee jungere tauros. 



Virgil, JEn. i. 316. 



drink the fresh blood, not the milk of these animals. Single 

 exceptions have indeed been found, but only among tribes who at 

 the same time cultivated maize. I have before remarked (p. 62), 

 that Gromara speaks of a people in the north-west of Mexico who 

 possessed herds of tame bisons, and derived from these animals 

 clothing, meat, and drink. The drink may have been the blood 

 (Prescott, Conquest of Mexico, vol. iii. p. 416) ; for, as I have more 

 than once remarked, the dislike to milk, or at least the absence of 

 its use, appears, before the arrival of Europeans, to have been, gen- 

 erally speaking, a feature common to all the natives of the New 

 Continent, and one which they possess in common with the inha- 

 bitants of China and Cochin China, who yet were near neighbors to 

 true pastoral nations. The herds of tame lamas, found in the high- 

 lands of Quito, Peru, and Chili, belonged to a settled population, 

 who cultivated the ground and did not follow a nomadic life. Pedro 

 de Ciega de Leon (Chronica del Peru, Sevilla, 1553, cap. 110, p. 

 264) seems to imply, though certainly as a rare and exceptional 

 case, that in the Peruvian mountain plateau of Collao, lamas were 

 used for drawing the plough. (Compare Gay, Zoologia de Chile, 

 Mamiferos, 1847, p. 154.) The usual custom in Peru was to plough 

 with men only. (See the Inca G-arcilasso's Commentaries reales, p. 

 i. lib. v. cap. 2, p. 133; and Prescott, Hist, of the Conquest of 

 Peru, 1847, vol. i. p. 136.) Mr. Barton has made it appear pro- 



