ANNOTATIONS AND ADDITIONS. 313 



and 45. 5 Fahr.), and the mean temperature scarcely amounts to 

 11 Reaumur, or 56. 8 Fahrenheit. These Alpine Palms grow 

 among Nut trees, yew-leaved species of Podocarpus and Oaks 

 (Quercus granatensis). I have determined by exact barometrical 

 measurement the upper and lower limits of the range of the Wax- 

 palm. We first began to find it on the eastern declivity of Andes 

 of Quindiu, at the height of 7440 (about 7930 Eqglish) feet above 

 the level of the sea, and it extended upwards as far as the Garita 

 del Paramo and los Yolcancitos, or to 9100 (almost 9700 English) 

 feet : several years after my departure from the country, the dis- 

 tinguished botanist Don Jose Caldas, who had been long our com- 

 panion amidst the mountains of New Granada, and who afterwards 

 fell a victim to Spanish party hatred, found three species of palms 

 growing in the Paramo de Guanacos very near the limits of perpetu- 

 al snow; therefore, probably at an elevation of more than 13,000 

 (13,855 English) feet. (Semanario de Santa Fe de Bogota, 1809, 

 No. 21, p. 163.) Even beyond the tropics, in the latitude of 28 

 north, the Chamserops martiana reaches on the sub-Himalayan 

 mountains a height of 5000 English feet. (Wallich, Plantae Asia- 

 ticae, vol. iii. tab. 211.) 



If we look for the extreme geographical limits of palms (which 

 are also the extreme climatic limits in all the species which inhabit 

 localities but little raised above the level of the sea), we see some, 

 as the date-palm, the Chamaarops humilis, C. palmetto, and the 

 Areca sapida of New Zealand, advance far into the temperate zones 

 of either hemisphere, into regions where the mean temperature of 

 the year hardly equals 11.2 and 12. 5 Reaumur (57.2, and 60.2 

 Fahrenheit). If we form a series of cultivated plants or trees, 

 placed in order of succession according to the degree of heat they 

 require, and beginning with the maximum, we have Cacao, Indigo, 

 Plantains, Coffee, Cotton, Date-palms, Orange and Lemon Trees, 

 Olives, Sweet Chestnuts, and Vines. In Europe, date-palms- (intro- 

 duced, not indigenous) grow mingled with Chamserops humilis in 

 the parallels of 43 J and 44, as on the Genoese Rivera del Ponente, 

 near Bordighera, between Monaco and San Stefano, where there is 

 an assemblage of more than 4000 palm-stems; and in Dalmatia 

 round Spalatro. It is remarkable that Chainasrops humilis is abund- 

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