ANNOTATIONS AND ADDITIONS. 335 



13 \ feet thick, is the great ornament of the mountains. It grows 

 in Nepaul to 11,000 (11,720 E.) feet above the level of the sea. 

 More than 2000 years ago, the Deodara supplied the materials for 

 the fleet of Nearchus on the Hydaspes (the present Behut). In the 

 valley of Dudegaon, north of the copper mines of Dhunpour in 

 Nepaul, Dr. Hoffmeister, so early lost to science, found the Pinus 

 longifolia of Royle (the Tschelu Pine) growing among tall stems of 

 the Chamserops martiana of Wallich. (Hoffmeister' s Briefe aus 

 Indien wahrend der Expedition des Prinzen Waldemar von Preussen, 

 1847, s. 351.) Such an intermixture of pineta and palmata had 

 excited the surprise of the companions of Columbus in the New Con- 

 tinent, as a friend and cotemporary of the Admiral, Petrus Martyr 

 Anghiera, has informed us. (Dec. iii. lib. 10, p. 68.) I saw myself 

 this intermixture of pines and palms for the first time on the road 

 from Acapulco to Chilpanzingo. The Himalaya, like the Mexican 

 highlands, has, besides Pines and Cedars, also the forms of Cypresses 

 (Cupressus torulosa, Don.), of Yews (Taxus wallichiana, Zuccar.), of 

 Podocarpus (P. nereifolia, Robert Brown), and of Juniper ( Juniperus 

 squamata-, Don., and J. excelsa, Bieberst ; Juniperus excelsa is also 

 found at Schipke in Thibet, in Asia Minor, in Syria, and in the 

 Greek Islands). Thuja, Taxodium, Larix, and Araucaria, are forms 

 found in the New Continent, but wanting in the Himalaya. 



Besides the 20 species of Pines which we already know from 

 Mexico, the United States of North America, which in their present 

 extent reach to the Shores of the Pacific, have 45 described species, 

 while Europe has only 15. There is a similar difference in respect 

 to Oaks : i. e. greater variety of forms in the New Continent which 

 extends continuously through a greater extent of latitude. The re- 

 cent very exact researches of Siebold and Zuccarini have, however, 

 completely refuted the previous belief, that many European species 

 of Pines extend also across the whole of Northern Asia to the Islands 

 of Japan, and even grow there, interspersed, as Thunberg has stated, 

 with genuine Mexican species, the Weymouth Pine, Pinus Strobus 

 of Linnaeus. What Thunberg took for European Pines are wholly 

 different and distinct species. Thunberg' s Red Pine (Pinus abies, 

 Linn.) is P. polita, (Sieb.) and is often planted near Buddhistic 

 temples; his common Scotch Fir (Pinus sylvestris) is P. Massoniana 



