440 PLATEAU OF CAXAMARCA. 



having been made by the natives of the country round Loxa, since 

 even at the present day the Indians of the neighboring valleys, 

 where intermittent fevers are very prevalent, shun the use of bark. 

 (Compare my memoir, entitled "iiber die Chinawalder," in the 

 " Magazin der Gresellschaft naturforschender Freunde," zu Berlin, 

 Jahrg. i. 1807, s. 59.) The story of the natives having learnt the 

 virtues of the Cinchona from the lions, who " cure themselves of in- 

 termittent fevers by gnawing the bark of the China (or Quina) 

 trees" (Hist, de 1'Acad. des Sciences, anne 1738, Paris, 1740, 

 p. 233) appears to be entirely of European origin, and nothing 

 but a monkish fable. Nothing is known in the New Continent of 

 the "Lion's fever;" for the large so-called American Lion (Felis 

 concolor), and the small mountain Lion (Puma), whose footmarks I 

 have seen on the snow, are never tamed and made the subjects of 

 observation; nor are the different species of Felinae in either con- 

 tinent accustomed to gnaw the bark of trees; The name of Countess's 

 Powder (Pulvis Comitissae), occasioned by the remedy having been 

 distributed by the Countess of Chinchon, was afterwards changed 

 to that of Cardinal's or Jesuit's powder, because Cardinal de Lugo, 

 Procurator-General of the order of the Jesuits, spread the know- 

 ledge of this valuable remedy during a journey through France, 

 and recommended it to Cardinal Mazarin the more urgently, as the 

 brethren of the order were beginning to prosecute a lucrative trade 

 in South American Quina-bark, which they obtained through their 

 missionaries. It is hardly necessary to remark that, in the long 

 controversy which ensued respecting the good or bad effects of the 

 fever bark, the Protestant physicians sometimes permitted them- 

 selves to be influenced by religious intolerance and dislike of the 

 Jesuits. 



( 3 ) p. 415. "Aposenfos de MuMo." 



Respecting these aposentos (dwellings, inns, in the Quichua lan- 

 guage tampiij whence the Spanish form tambo), compare Cieca, 

 Chronica del Peru. cap. 41 (ed. de 1554, p. 108) and my Vues des 

 Cordilleres, PI. xxiv. 



