SUMMARY OF TUB CONTENTS. 467 



the 3d century, to form just conjectures respecting the cause of the 

 increase of temperature in the interior of the earth . 398 399 



The Vital Force; or, the Rhodian Genius p. 403 to p. 407. 



Note to " The Vital Force; or, the Rhodian Genius" -p. 408 to p. 410. 



The Rhodian Genius, the development of a physiological idea in a 

 mythical garb. Difference of views respecting the hypothesis of 

 peculiar vital forces .. , ;; v ' . . . . . '. 408 



The difficulty of satisfactorily reducing the vital phenomena of organ- 

 ization to physical and chemical laws, is principally founded on 

 the complication of the phenomena, and on the multiplicity of 

 simultaneously acting forces, as well as the varying conditions of 

 the activity of those forces. Definition of the expressions " ani- 

 mate" and "inanimate" substances. Criteria derived from the 

 composition of the elements after a substance has been separated 

 into parts by external agency are the simple enunciation of facts 



408410 



The Plateau of Caxamarca, the ancient residence of the Inca Atahuallpa, 

 and the iirst view of the Pacific from the crest of the Andes 



p. 411 to p. 438. 



Quina-producing forests in the valleys of Loxa. First use of the 

 fever-bark in Europe ; the Countess of Chinchon, wife of the 

 Viceroy . . . 413414 



Alpine vegetation of the Paramos. Remains of ancient Peruvian 

 artificial roads ; they rise in the Paramo del Assuay almost to the 

 height of the summit of Mont Blanc .... 414420 



Singular mode of communication by a " swimming post" messenger. 



420421 



Descent to the Amazons River. Vegetation round Chamaya and 

 Tomependa; Red Groves of Bougainvillaea. Ridges of rock traverse 

 the Amazons. Its breadth at the Pongo de Manseriche less than 

 160 English feet. The falling in of masses of rock at Rentema left 

 the bed of the river below the falls dry for some hours, to the great 

 alarm of those who lived on the banks . . , . 421 423 



Passage across the chain of the Andes at the part where it is inter- 

 sected by the magnetic equator. Ammonites nearly 15 English 

 inches long, Echini, and Isocardias of the cretaceous group, collected 

 between Guambos and Montan, 12,790 English feet abpve the level 

 of the sea. Rich silver mines of Chota. The picturesquely tower- 

 ing Cerro de Gualgayoc. Large mass of pure native silver in fila- 

 ments or wire found in the Pampa de Navar. A fine piece of pure 

 gold, wound round with similar threads of silver, found in the Cho- 

 ropampa (field of shells), so called from the numerous fossils. Out- 

 bursts of silver and gold ores amongst the cretaceous rocks. The 



