10 BACTERIOLOGY : 



Nicolaier's bacillus of tetanus, Obermeier's spirillum of relapsing 

 fever, and Kitasato's bacillus of plague. Scarcely less impor- 

 tant and also well authenticated is the bacillus anthracis of malig- 

 nant pustule, bacillus mallei of glanders, bacillus leprae of 

 leprosy and the streptothrix (?) (ray fungus) of actinomycosis, 

 and of madura foot. To these should be added the well-recog- 

 nized, micro-organismal causes of many septic and suppurative 

 conditions such as the varieties of staphylococci, so frequent in 

 abscesses; the streptococcus found in erysipelas; the bacillus 

 pyocyaneus of green pus ; the bacillus coli communis, frequent in 

 abscesses adjacent to the intestines ; the bacillus aerogenes eapsu- 

 latus, found in a usually fatal form of sepsis associated with 

 gaseous edema, etc. 



Nearly all of these organisms have been proved to be the 

 specific causes of their respective diseases by conforming to the 

 well-known rules of Koch. That is, the organism is found to be 

 constantly present in the bodies of those affected by the disease, 

 may be grown in pure culture outside of the body, when properly 

 inoculated in lower animals it reproduces the disease, and may 

 again be recovered from the animal so infected. 



There are also good reasons for accepting a number of other 

 organisms as specific. Recent investigations corroborate the 

 claims of Sanarelli that his bacillus icteroides is the cause of yel- 

 low fever. 



The bacillus described by Canon and Pfieffer for influenza, 

 and by Canon and Pielicke for measles, are generally accepted. 

 The Lustgarten bacillus of syphilis has not been sustained, but 

 van Niessen claims to -have cultivated from syphilitic blood a 

 bacillus producing characteristic lesions in pigs and monkeys. 



