CONTENTS 



PAGE 



I. Introduction 1 



The region, climate and 



trees 2 



Need and function of cycles . 4 



Period and cycle 6 



Acknowledgments 6 



Nature of tree-ring data 7 



Trees 7 



Ring records 7 



Dissected trees 7 



Types of ring records 8 



Cross-identity 9 



Ring types and topography 11 



Effect of local topography. . 12 

 Significance of cross-iden- 

 tity and cycles in tree- 

 ring records. . . . ; 13 



Rainfall correlations in North- 

 ern Arizona 14 



II. Ctclogkam analysis 17 



Graphic expression of data 17 



Definitions 17 



Original data 17 



Smoothed curves 18 



Mass diagrams and residual 



mass diagrams 19 



Logarithmic plots 21 



Skeleton plot 22 



Standardized curves 25 



Merging 27 



Technique of long records. . 27 



Compressed curves 28 



Curve character figure: 



mean sensitivity 28 



Correlation coefficient 29 



Periodogram 30 



Graphic expression of cycles.. . . 30 

 Cycle integration or sum- 

 mation 30 



Successive integration 32 



Chrono-integration 34 



Plotting unstable and mixed 



periods 35 



Cyclogram principle 35 



Cyclograph 40 



Development of cyclograph 41 



Cycleplots 44 



Moving rack 46 



Operation and checking . ^ 47 



Accuracy and limitations. . . 47 

 General cyclogram interpreta- 

 tion 48 



Limits of range 48 



Resolving power 49 



Lag analysis 50 



Cyclogram reading 50 



III. The discontinuous period in 



CYCLOGRAM ANALYSIS 51 



The climatic dilemma 51 



Probabilities and cycles 51 



PAGE 

 III. The DISCONTINUOUS PERIOD in 

 cyclogram analysis — con- 

 tinued 



Bartels' dials 53 



Quasi-persistence in the 



summation dial 56 



Quasi-persistence in the 



cyclogram 56 



Evaluation of quasi-per- 

 sistence 58 



The conservation factor .... 58 

 Bartels' multiple plot of the 

 magnetic character figure 



C 60 



Significance of conservation 61 



Stumpff's periodograph 61 



Applications of the discontinu- 

 ous period 63 



IV. Analysis of solar records 65 



Analysis of sunspot numbers .... 67 

 Analysis of smoothed an- 

 nual sunspot numbers. ... 67 

 Analysis of annual numbers 



since 1610 68 



Other cycles in the annual 



numbers 69 



Centers of mass of maxima . . 70 

 Possible half -sunspot cycle. 70 

 Analysis of monthly sunspot 



numbers 71 



Abbot's radiation measures ..... 72 

 Pettit's ultra-violet radiation 



curves ; 75 



International magnetic charac- 

 ter figure C . . 76 



Solar rotations in magnetic 



data 77 



Sources of the 6-months 



period 78 



Other periods 79 



Naked-eye sunspot records 80 



Records of Northern Lights .... 80 

 V. Analysis of terrestrial 



RECORDS 82 



Characters of cycles in ring 



records ^ 82 



Discontinuous periods 82 



Conservation 82 



Triangle tests 83 



Similarities over areas 85 



Recurrence of cycles in past 



time 85 



Periodogram resemblance to 



solar cycles 85 



Problems 85 



Representation of cycles ... 85 

 Individual vs. group in cycle 



analysis 87 



The two-year "scatter" 



cycle 87 



