MUSCUPAIK TISSUE. OF THE SKIN 13 
tissue of the scalp, which adheres to the muscles throughout their whole length, 
but appears to form special sheaths for the bundles of origin at the surface, 
and these sheaths interfere considerably with the examination of the muscular 
tissue enclosed by them. In some cases, however, they seem to be prolonged 
beyond the point to which the muscular tissue reaches, acting as tendons of 
attachment, and this may perhaps be the case at g: I have seen one striking 
instance of this mode of attachment, where a muscle having divided into two 
portions at some depth below the surface, a pretty long band extended like 
a cord to the surface from one of the divisions, and acetic acid having been 
added, nothing whatever but yellow elastic fibres could be seen in this band 
(the white fibres had been of course gelatinized). Asa general rule, however, 
the muscular tissue extends to within a very short distance of the epithelium, 
and often, as above stated, can be detected immediately beneath it, as Henle 
has represented. 
In Fig. 3 is shown the connexion of the muscle a, of Fig. 1, with its hair- 
follicle ; so that were the muscle a of Fig. 2 continued far enough downward, 
it would join with a of Fig. 3. The hair and its follicle are seen cut across very 
obliquely: 0 is the hair, tilted somewhat out of its natural position in the 
inner root-sheath c; d is the outer root-sheath (corresponding to the mucous 
layer of the epidermis), whose outer cells are perpendicular to the hair-follicle ; 
e is the ‘structureless layer’ of the hair-follicle ; f is the circular layer of 
Kolliker ; g the external longitudinal layer with which the muscle is seen to 
become blended. Several elongated nuclei appeared at g,; whether these are 
derived from the muscle, which is evidently inserted a good deal into the part of 
the follicle that is hidden from view, or whether they are only the elongated nuclei 
that occur in all parts of the longitudinal layer of the follicle, is doubtful: 
their well-marked elongated character inclined me rather to the former opinion ; 
h is a part of one of the sebaceous follicles, which appears to have no special 
connexion with the muscle that simply passes close by it without embracing 
it, as Kolliker implies, or sending any muscular expansion over it; and the 
same occurs in all cases, so far as I have seen; 7 is a portion of the fibrous 
tissue of the dermis, showing its connexion with the surface of the muscle. 
iXGlliker’s description of the muscles of the skin (see above, p. 9) does not quite 
accord with what I have seen in the scalp, either as regards their shape or size. 
The muscles in this part had not, in sections parallel to their course, the appear- 
ance of flatness; and by cutting slices in the way above indicated, at right 
angles to their known direction, their transverse sections were readily seen, 
and proved to be often quite circular, sometimes somewhat elliptical or poly- 
gonal, showing their form to be that of more or less rounded bundles. Their 
