ON THE EARLY STAGES OF INFLAMMATION 263 
been done, than movements already began to show themselves in the cilia, 
and their action increased rapidly on my filling up the trough with cold water, 
and in a short time was all but universal and brisk, far superior to what it was 
before the hot water was put in. After a few minutes more, however, it was 
again very languid, and ceased entirely in many parts. I now, at g! 38™, filled 
up the trough with water at 104° Fahr.: at gh 38™ 17s the cilia were almost 
all motionless ; by g 38™ 55s the trough had been again emptied, but at 
gh 39™ 58 there was even less movement seen. Cold water was again poured 
in at gh 39™ 358, and after eighteen seconds, action was reappearing in the cilia, 
and it continued to increase during the next seven minutes, at the end of which 
time it was again almost universal. At gt 52™ the cold water was drawn off, 
and the same condition of the cilia having been ascertained to exist, the trough 
was, at gh 52™ 278, filled up again with water at 104° Fahr.; eighteen seconds 
after this had been done, the ciliary action was found much diminished, but 
had not fully ceased; and after nine seconds more, during which the warm 
water was drawn off, the cilia were still acting very slightly. Within twenty- 
three seconds of this time the trough was again filled with cold water: now, 
however, the epithelium was in many parts beginning to exfoliate, swelling up 
by endosmose in obedience to the ordinary laws of chemical affinity, and so 
indicating that it was losing its vitality. I also lost sight of the precise spot 
which I had been observing, but noticed that ciliary action was again going 
on pretty quickly in some places. There can be no doubt, although there was 
no opportunity for observing the fact, that the first immersion in hot water 
caused cessation of the ciliary action; and that being admitted, we have in 
this case suspension of function and recovery four times repeated in the same 
fragment of tissue in consequence of as many applications and withdrawals 
of the irritant: It is a curious circumstance that each recovery, except the 
final one, brought up the action of the cilia for a time to a better state than 
they had just before the last introduction of warm water. But the discussion 
of this and other circumstances in this case will be best reserved till after the 
mention of another set of experiments. 
In order to eliminate the nerves completely from among the causes both of 
the suspension of function produced by irritants and the recovery from that 
state, it seemed desirable, if possible, to observe those occurrences in detached 
epithelium-cells, and on the 22nd of January, 1859, I made the attempt to do so. 
At first, however, it proved more difficult than I had anticipated. It was of 
course easy to obtain the material to operate on, by gently scraping the surface 
of the palate of a recently killed frog with a knife, and placing the mucus-like 
product on a plate of glass with a drop of water. But the tissue thus separated 
