292 ON THE GERM THEORY OF PUTREFACTION 
remained unchanged, I found the morsel of scum increased in fourteen hours to 
four times its original diameter, and on the following day it nearly covered the 
surface of the liquid, and the side of the glass was sprinkled with white granular 
specks, which after another day were disposed in vertical streaks, just as they 
had been in a glass of Pasteur’s solution inoculated from the original urine- 
glass nearly two years previously. And on examining the scum microscopically, 
I found it to consist of the torula unmixed with any filamentous element, as 
seen in 0, ~, g, 7, and s, Plate VII. 
Those who have the patience to follow me through these minute details, 
inseparable from so minute a subject, will acknowledge the importance of having 
it clearly demonstrated that an organism, which, for weeks together and in 
different media, showed itself as an unmixed torula, was in reality a conidial 
development from a filamentous fungus. Forone such instance rigorously proved, 
leads to the suspicion that the same is in all probability the case with the whole 
group of torulae, and that though Berkeley appears to have been deceived 
when he thought he traced a direct connexion between Torula Cerevisiae and 
Penicillium Glaucum,' yet his belief that the yeast plant is derived from some 
filamentous form will turn out to have been sound when the mode of investiga- 
tion which I have been describing shall have been applied to that case. Without 
some such method, permitting us to study an organism for a protracted period, 
unmixed with others, in different media or in the same medium altered under 
its fermenting influence, the true affinities of the Torula Ovalis would have 
remained as obscure as those of Torula Cerevisiae are at present. Further, 
without entering here upon all the bearings of this observation, it may be 
remarked that for an organism so humble as a torula, though modified by vary- 
ing circumstances, to retain its specific morphological and physiological characters 
unimpaired for two years together, is a fact fraught with the deepest instruction. 
I next unpacked and examined the test-tube containing the urine. I found 
the fluid all evaporated except about two minims above a considerable crystal- 
line mass. The part of the glass, about an inch high, left exposed by the drying 
was studded over as before with round gelatinous specks, those on the upper 
half-inch being largest, viz. about 1-50th inch in diameter. Breaking the tube 
with antiseptic precautions, I examined one of the little transparent lumps 
with the microscope, and found it to consist almost exclusively of the filamentous 
form of the fungus, the conidial element being, as before, much less marked 
in this tube than in that of Pasteur’s solution. There was a somewhat larger 
proportion of conidia in the liquid residue, which, however, was thick from the 
abundance of the fungus filaments in it; but there was no longer any appear- 
* See de Bary, Morphologie und Physiologie dey Pilze, &c., Leipzig, 1866, p. 184. 
