AND OTHER FERMENTATIVE CHANGES 293 
ance of bacteria. I introduced a portion of the gelatinous lump into a glass of 
uncontaminated urine, which had been charged along with the one inoculated 
from the tube of Pasteur’s solution (viz. nine days previously) ; but as no growth 
showed itself in the course of the next eleven days, I concluded that the 
organism had, in the highly concentrated and altered urine, at length lost its 
vitality. Yet the examination of this urine-tube proved not devoid of interest. 
For although the bacteria which were seen in it when it was last examined had 
the ordinary rod shape, and did not differ in appearance from those commonly 
seen in putrefying urine, yet the liquid in this glass had no ammoniacal odour, 
but a very peculiar smell resembling musty cheese rather than urine, and it 
was sharply acid to test-paper, even when diluted with several times its bulk 
of water. Here, then, we have an example of what we shall see abundantly 
illustrated in the sequel, viz. that bacteria of similar morphological characters 
may differ entirely as regards the fermentative changes to which they give rise, 
being, like the torulae, as specifically distinct as the fungi from which some of 
them at least appear to take their origin. 
The observations to which I have next to direct attention were made upon 
a filamentous fungus, which I was induced to investigate in the hope that it 
might prove to be the parent of the Torula Cerevisiae, occurring as it did in 
circumstances analogous to those under which the filamentous form of the Torula 
Ovalis had been met with. I had introduced into a ‘ heated’ and covered glass 
of Pasteur’s solution a morsel of German yeast, with the effect of inducing the 
usual evolution of gas that accompanies the alcoholic fermentation, followed by 
the gradual supervention of the black colour before alluded to. Some minute 
plants of filamentous fungi, seen in the course of the first few days, had appa- 
rently ceased to grow, and no penicillium or other ordinary fungus appeared ; 
but after the lapse of two months I observed, upon the surface of the liquid and 
upon the part of the glass left exposed by evaporation, a low white mould, 
which, under the microscope, was seen to be composed of branching septate 
filaments and fructifying threads, the latter in somewhat irregular forms, but 
most frequently producing moniliform terminal chains of spores; the fungus, 
though apparently too insignificant to have attracted the notice of mycologists, 
being referable to the genus oidium. The largest of the spores were not unlike 
those of yeast; and other similar spores were seen in toruloid groups in the 
scum that existed on the surface of the liquid. Hoping that I had discovered 
the filamentous form of the Torula Cerevisiae, I was anxious to investigate this 
mould further; but having used all the scanty growth for the examination 
already made, I set the glass aside to allow further development, and circum- 
stances prevented me from looking at it again till nearly four months more had 
