VI PREFACE. 



has been wholly rewritten and much extended. To the chapters on Organo- 

 graphy and Vegetable Histology some additional practical exercises have been 

 appended, and a series of them have now, for the first time, been appended to 

 the chapters on Vegetable Physiology. The appendix to Part II, relating to 

 the microscope and the mode of using it in Vegetable Histology, has received 

 many important additions with the view of making the volume a comolete 

 laboratory guide. In Part IV, important changes have been made in the class- 

 ification. The attempt to arrange plants strictly in accordance with their 

 modes of reproduction, has been abandoned, both as impracticable in the pres- 

 ent state of our knowledge, and as inconvenient in use, and the Algse, Fungi 

 and Lichenes are restored to their old rank as separate classes. Some other 

 changes of less importance are made in the minor groups, and to this Part is 

 appended a brief account of the succession of plants in geologic time. 



The Glossary of Botanical Terms has also been revised and extended. 

 Nearly all the old illustrations made use of in the present edition have been 

 re-engraved, and many new ones have been added, some of these from draw- 

 ings by the author, others from various standard works. These changes have, 

 of course, necessitated a resetting of all the type. 



The credit of the wood-engraving is due to Mr. Chase Thorne, of Chicago. 



To the friendly aid of many botanists who, by advice and kindly criticism 

 of the former work, have greatly assisted in the preparation of this one, the 

 author acknowledges a deep sense of gratitude. To Dr. Thomas J. Burrill, of 

 the Illinois University, he feels particularly thankful for kindly suggestions. 



Among the works consulted in the preparation of this revision, are Gray's 

 Structural Botany, Sachs' Physiology of Plants, Goodale's Physiological 

 Botany, Vines' Physiology of Plants, Bessey's Botany, LeMaout and Decaisne's 

 Descriptive and Analytical Botany, Strasburger and Hillhouse's Practical 

 Botany, Shore's Vegetable Biology, Bower and Vines' Practical Botany, Poul- 

 sen's Botanical Micro-Chemistry, Behrens' Guide to the Microscope in Botany, 

 DeBary's Comparative Anatomy of Phanerogams and Ferns, Prantl and Vines' 

 Text Book of Botany, Goebel's Outlines of Classification and Special Morphol- 

 ogy, Foster's Physiology, Dawson's Geological History of Plants, and 

 LeConte's Elements of Geology. 



Edson S. Bastin. 



Chicago, Jan. 19, 1889. 



