32 



PART I. ORGANOGRAPHY. 



off, Fig. 83 ; the obtuse, with a rounded or blunt apex, Fig. 84; the 

 acuminate, or taper-pointed, Fig. 85 ; and the acute, with an apex 

 which forms an acute angle, Fig. 86. 



(c) The Base. As respects the shape of the base the follow- 

 ing are the most common forms : The rounded, or obtuse, Fig. 



Figs. 87. 



Figs. 87 to 95, inclusive, diagrams illustrating forms of leaf bases ; 87, rounded or 

 obtuse ; 88, truncate ; 80, cuneate ; 90, cordate ; 91, sagittate ; 92, hastate ; 93, auriculate ; 

 94, reniform; and 95, peltate. 



87 j the truncate, Fig. 88 j the cuneate, or wedge-shaped, Fig. 89 ; 

 the cordate, or heart-shaped, Fig. 90 ; the sagittate, or arrow- 

 shaped, Fig. 91 ; the hastate, or halberd-shaped, Fig. 92 ; the 

 auriculate, when there are two ear-like appendages at the base, 

 Fig. 93 ; reniform, or kidney-shaped, Fig. 94 ; and the peltate, 

 or shield-shaped, where the petiole is attached near the centre of 

 the blade, as in Fig. 95. 



(d) Marginal Indentations. Here we may distinguish 

 between indentations that are shallow, extending considerably 

 less than half way to the mid-rib or to the base (if radially 

 indented) and those which are deeper. 



Among the- more important forms with shallow indentations 

 are the following : The serrate, or saw-toothed, with sharp teeth 

 which incline forward like the teeth of a hand-saw, the serrulate, 

 or minutely saw-toothed, and the bi-serrate, or doubly serrate, 

 with two sets of teeth, one upon the other, see Fig. 96 ; the den- 

 tate, or toothed with outwardly projecting teeth, the denticulate, 

 or finely dentate, and the bi-dentate, or doubly-dentate (the three 

 forms are illustrated in Fig. 97) ; the crenate, or scalloped, the 

 crenulate, or minutely crenate, and the bi-crenate, or doubly- 

 crenate (illustrated in Fig. 98) ; the undulate, or wavy ; the sinu- 

 ate, or deeply-wavy, and the repand, or undulate-dentate, with a 

 margin like that of an umbrella, Fig. 99. Other forms are the 

 crenate-dentate, or scalloped, with the scallops produced into 

 sharp teeth, as in Fig. 100; the spinose, with the margin spiny, 



