CHAPTER V. THE BRANCHING OF ORGANS. 49 



The monopodial type of branching is the one seen in the 

 stems of Mosses, in both the roots and stems of Equisetums, in 

 the roots, and sometimes in the leaves of Ferns, and in the 

 stems, roots and leaves of nearly all flowering plants. 



Practical Exercises. 



Study carefully, as examples of the various modes of branching, the follow- 

 ing, making diagrams of each : ( 1 ) The common Liverwort, Marchantia 

 polymorpha, as an illustration of forked dichotomy ; (2) the larger branches 

 of the common Maidenhair Fern, Adiantum pedatum, as illustrating helicoid 

 dichotomy ; (3) the smaller branches of the same plant, as illustrative of Scor- 

 pioid dichotomy ; (4) the trunk and branches of the Balsam Fir, as illustrating a. 

 racemose Monopodium ; (5) the branching of the Lilac and Mistletoe, as 

 illustrating the false dichotomy ; (6) the arrangement of the flower clusters of 

 the common Day Lily, as illustrative of the helicoid Monopodium, and (7) the 

 flower clusters of the Sundew, as typical of the scorpioid Monopodium. 



The student should bear in mind that while in these examples the different 

 modes of branching are clearly illustrated, it is not always equally easy to 

 determine the plan, but sometimes a careful microscopical study of the branches 

 in an early stage of their development is necessary. 



