CHAPTER IX. — THE TORUS, CALYX OR COROLLA. 



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place or not. and if so, to what extent. When free from the ovary 

 or situated wholly beneath it, it is said to be non-adherent, inferior 

 or hypogynous ; when its tube becomes adnate to and partially 

 but not wholly envelops it, it is said to be half-adherent, half- 

 superior or perigynous ; and when it completely envelops it, so 

 that the limb appears to arise, distinct from other organs, from 

 its very top, it is said to be adherent, superior or epigynous. When 

 corolla and stamens spring from the throat of the calyx-tube, and 

 the latter more or less completely envelops the ovary, but is not 

 adnate to it, the calyx is still, of course, hypogynous, but the 

 petals and stamens, being borne around the pistil, are described 

 as perigynous. If the calyx grows fast to the ovary below but 

 has its tube prolonged above it, bearing upon it the adherent 



Fig. 208. Fig. 209. 



Fig. 210. 



Fig. 212. 



Fig. 208. — Chorisepalous calyx of a species of Oxalis, somewhat enlarged. 



Fig. 200. — Gamosepalous calyx of a species of Abutilon. The inflated tube is five- 

 winged. 



Fig. 210. — Campanulate calyx of a species of Hibiscus, a, one of the divisions of the 

 limb : b, the tube ; and c, one of the leaves of the epicalyx. 



Fig. 211. — Tubular calyx of Saponaria officinalis; a, the five-toothed limb; and b, the 

 tube. 



Fig. 212. — Bilabiate calyx of "Salvia urticifolia, somewhat enlarged; a, three-toothed 

 upper lip; and b, two-toothed lower lip. 



petals and stamens, as in the Fuchsia and Evening Primrose, 

 calyx, corolla and stamens are described as perigynous, and not 

 as epigynous. 



Sometimes we find exterior to the calyx or even adherent to 

 it a whorl of bracts more or less resembling a calyx in appear- 

 ance and structure. This is the case with the Hibiscus, the 

 Strawberry and the Cinquefoil. Such an organ is called an 

 epicalyx. See Fig. 210. 



In some cases bracts situated below the flower become more 

 highly colored than the floral organs themselves, as in the 



