78 



PART I. — ORGANOGRAPHY. 



freely on the slender apex of the filament, as in Fig. 237, it is 

 called versatile. 



It is of importance, also, to observe which way the anther 

 faces in the flower, whether inward toward the pistil, or outward 

 from it, or whether its position is indifferent. Most versatile 

 anthers are indifferent, and other kinds also are frequently so, 

 especially when the filaments are long and slender. Anthers 

 which face outward are described as extrorse, while those which 

 face inward are introrse. 



Figs. 23 



Fig. 

 Fig. 



Fig. 



Fig. 



Fig. 



Fig 

 the apex. 



Fig 



Fig 

 ing a plu 



Fig, 



235. — Stamen of Saxifrage, showing innate anther. 



236. — Stamen of Magnolia, showing adnate anther. 



237. — Stamen of Agave, showing versatile anther. 

 238. — Stamen of Alchemilla. showing anther dehiscing transversely. 

 239. — Stamen of Barberry, showing anther dehiscing by valves. 

 240. — Stamen of Rhododendron, with anther dehiscing by pores or openings at 



241. — Stamen of Asarum, with connective prolonged beyond the top of the anther. 

 242. — Upper portion of stamen of Oleander, with connective prolonged and form- 

 mose appendage at the top of the anther. 

 243. — Stamen of Butomus, showing four celled anther. 



Anthers split open, or dehisce, in a variety of ways, to shed 

 their pollen. When the dehiscence is lengthwise of the anther, 

 as in Figs. 235 to 237, inclusive, it is said to be longitudinal ; 

 when crosswise, as is shown in Fig. 238, it is described as trans- 

 verse ; when it opens laterally by lids, as in the Barberry, Fig. 

 239, it is called valvular ; and when the discharge of the pollen 

 is by pores at the apex, as in most members of the Heath family, 

 Fig. 240, the dehiscence is called porous. 



The Connective. The connective is that part of the anther 

 which unites the two lobes, or what appears to be the continu- 

 ation of the filament through the anther. In some anthers, as 

 for example those of Wild Ginger (Asarum), Fig. 241, and the 

 Oleander, Fig. 242, it is prolonged beyond the top of the anther; 



