CHAPTER XI. — THE PISTILS, OR GV.N.ECTUM. 



87 



the coats are attached to each other and to the nucellus, is 

 called the chalaza. The point of attachment of the funiculus to 

 the rest of the ovule is called the hilutn. In some ovules the 

 funiculus grows fast to the ovule for a portion of its length, as in 

 Figs. 272 and 273. The adherent portion is called the rhaphe. 



It is frequently the case that some parts of the ovule are 

 wanting. The funiculus is often absent, and the ovule is then 

 said to be sessile; in gymnospermous plants, 

 like the Pine and Fir, only one of the coats 

 is usually present ; and in the Mistletoe and 

 its allies, both coats are wanting. 



It is sometimes of importance to observe 

 the position of the ovule in the ovary. It is 

 erect, when it rises upright from the bottom of 

 the cavity of the ovary; it is ascending, when 

 it rises obliquely from near the bottom ; it is 

 horizontal, when borne on the side of the 

 ovary wall and pointing in a transverse direc- 

 tion ; it is pendulous, when directed obliquely 

 downward from near the top of the cavity, and it is suspended, 

 when hanging from the very top of the cavity. 



The shape of the ovule itself is also to be regarded. An 

 atropous or orthotropous ovule is one that is straight, and has 



Fig. 269. — Longitudi- 

 nal section of an ovule, 

 showing its various parts ; 

 a, micropyle; b, primine; 

 c, secundine: ii, nucellus; 

 e, chalaza: and /, funicu- 

 lus or podosperm. 



Fig. 270. 



Fig. 271. 



Fig. 272. 



Fig. 273. 



Fig. 270. — An atropous o- orthotropous ovule. 



Fig. 271. — A compylotropous ovule. 



Fig. 272. -An amphitropous ovule; a, rhaphe; 6, hilum. 



Fig. 273. — An anatropous ovule; a, chalza; b, micropyle; and c, rhaphe. 



the hilum and micropyle at opposite ends, as in Fig. 270 ; a 

 campy lot ropous ovule is one whose body is bent so that the hilum 

 and micropyle are approximated, as in Fig. 271; an amphi- 

 tropous ovule is one that is partly inverted ; that is, one that has 



