106 PART I. ORGANOGRAPHY. 



(i) The number of loculi, or cells in the ovary, may decrease 

 in number, as in the fruit of the Oak, which in flower is three- 

 celled, but in ripening becomes one-celled. The similar case of 

 the fruit of the Buckeye is illustrated in Figs. 303 and 304. The 

 former figure represents a cross-section of the pistil at the time 

 the flower is in full blossom when it contains three cells with two 

 ovules in each cell, and Fig. 304 represents the same at a con- 

 siderably later period of development, showing the almost com- 

 plete abortion of two of the cells and of all the ovules but one. 



(2) An increase in the number of loculi sometimes takes 

 place from the formation of false partitions, as illustrated in the 

 capsule of Stramonium, which in flower is two-celled, but in fruit 

 becomes four-celled. Fig. 305. 



(3) Alterations in the character of the surface may take 

 place, as is also illustrated in Stramonium, whose pistil, when in 

 flower, has only a soft, hairy cover- 

 ing, but in fruit is densely cov- 

 ered with sharp prickles; or in' 

 the Maple, whose pistil in flower 

 is merely two-lobed, but, in fruit, 

 develops on each lobe a prom- 

 inent wing - like appendage, as 

 shown in Fig. 306. 



(4) Alterations in the con- 

 sistency of the ovary wall may 

 take place. These may be of 



, . rr i-i r \ mi Fig. 306. — Double Samara of Maple. 



different kinds: (a) I hey may 



become thin and papery, as in the Bladder-senna ; (b) hard 

 and bony, as in the pericarp of many capsules ; (c) tough and 

 leathery, as in the rind of the Orange and Lemon ; (d) hard 

 without and soft within, as in the fruit of the Gourd ; (e) soft 

 without and hard within, as in the fruit of the Peach and 

 Cherry ; or (f) succulent throughout, as in the Gooseberry and 

 Grape. 



(5) Organs external. to the pistil, but more or less connected 

 with it, often persist and become a part of the fruit. The calyx 

 of the Wintergreen, for instance, grows fleshy, envelops the 

 capsule, becomes red in color, and constitutes the edible portion 

 of the fruit ; in Clematis the style persists, becomes long and 



