36: 



PART IV. VEGETABLE TAXONOMY. 



fasicle, while the microsporangia are borne on the interior ones. 

 Among the spores in both kinds of sporangia are borne cellular 

 filaments or paraphyses. A few of the species are terrestrial or 

 amphibious in their habits, but most are submerged aquatics, 

 growing in water which does not contain much calcareous mat- 

 ter in solution. See Fig. 568. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



SERIES IV.— THE SPERMAPHYTA OR PHANEROGAMIA. 



PRINCIPAL DIVISIONS. 



Gymnospermas. 



Angiospermae. 



I Cycadeae. 

 1 Coniferse. 

 ( Gnetacese. 



Monocotyledones 



Dicotyledones . 



' Helobiae. 

 Glumiflorse. 



Spadiciflorse or Nudiflorse. 

 Enantioblastae. 

 Scitaminese. 

 Gynandrse. 

 Liliiflorae. 



Apetalse . . . . 

 Gamopetalse. 



Choripetalse. 



( Juliflorse. 

 "j Centrospermse. 

 \ Isocarpse. 

 j Anisocarpse. 



{Aphanocyclse 

 Eucyclae. 

 Tricoccse. 

 Calyciflorae. 



The Spermaphyta include the entire series of seed-bearing, as 

 distinguished from spore-bearing, plants. The group contains the 

 largest and most highly developed of all vegetable forms; by far 

 the larger proportion of those plants we most admire for their 

 beauty or desire for their usefulness. From them chiefly do we 

 form our conceptions of vegetable life. They do more than any 

 others, or all others combined, to give to the landscape its 

 character and charm. 



We have already obtained from our study of organography, 

 which was mainly devoted to the organs of these plants, some 

 idea of the immense variety of shapes, sizes and habits that 

 occur among them. Some species, as the Wollfia, are mere 

 green specks, barely distinctly visible to the naked eye, while 



