3^6 PART IV. VEGETABLE TAXONOMY. 



Buckwheats, Four-o'clocks, Chenopods, Amaranths, Pokeweeds, 

 Portulaccas and Pinks. 



With the Apetalae are also usually classed a few other forms 

 of doubtful affinity, including the Birthworts, Loranths or Mistle- 

 toes, Sandalwoods, Hornworts, Podostemads, and Balanophoras. 



(B) The Gamopetalse are distinguished from the other 

 divisions of the sub-class by the fact that the calyx and corolla 

 are usually both represented and the parts of the latter are more 

 or less united. 



They are subdivided into the Isocarpce and the Anisocarpiz. 

 The former are characterized by having as many carpels as 

 sepals and petals ; the carpels are united with each other to 

 form a compound pistil which is usually superior, and the sta- 

 mens are often in two or more whorls. The latter have but two 

 or three carpels, always fewer than the sepals or petals, united 

 into a compound pistil. The staminal whorls are never increased 

 beyond the normal number. To the Isocarpce belong the Erica- 

 cecz, including the Heaths, Epacrids, Rhododendrons, Pyrolas, 

 Monotropas, and Whortleberries ; the Primulinece, including the 

 Primroses, Leadworts, and Myrsinias ; and the Dyospyrinece, in- 

 cluding the Star-apples, Ebonies and Storaxes. To the Ani- 

 socarptz belong the Tubuliflorcz, including the Nightshades, 

 Morning-glories, Phloxes, Borrages, and Hydrophylls ; the Con- 

 tortce, including the Jasmines, Olives, Loganias, Dogbanes, Milk- 

 weeds and Gentians ; the Labiatiflorce, including the Mints, 

 Scrophularias, Verbenas, Plantains, Broom-ropes, Bladderworts, 

 Bignonias, Gesneras, Acanthuses and a few other, mostly tropical 

 forms ; the Aggregates, including the Honeysuckles, Madders, 

 Valerians, Composites, Teasels and Calyceras, and the Campanu- 

 linece, including the Campanulas or Bellworts, Lobelias, Cucurbits, 

 Gardenias and Stylidias. 



(C) The Choripetalae include plants whose flowers are 

 usually provided with both calyx and corolla, and the latter is 

 composed of distinct petals. There are four subdivisions, the 

 Aphanocyclce, the Eucyclce, the Tricoccce and the Calyciflorce. 



In the Aphanocyclce, the perianth is usually double, the stamens 

 are mostly more numerous than the leaves of the calyx or cor- 

 olla, and are frequently arranged in spirals rather than in whorls, 

 and the pistils are usually superior and commonly distinct from 



