CHAPTER XVI. — THE SPERMAPHYTA. 387 



each other, or but partially united. Under this are the Polycar- 

 picce, represented by the Crowfoots, Dillenias, Custard Apples, 

 Magnolias, Schizandras, Calycanthuses, Barberries, Moonseeds, 

 Laurels and Nutmegs ; the Hydropeltidece, including the Nelum- 

 biums, Brasenias and Water-lilies ; the Cruciflorce, including the 

 Poppies, Fumitories, Cresses and Capers ; the Cistiflorce, includ- 

 ing the Mignonettes, Sundews, Violets, Side-saddle Flowers, 

 Pitcher-leaves, Rock-roses, Hypericums, Bixineae, Frankenias, 

 Tamarisks, Camellias, Marcgravias, Guttifers, Ochnaceae and 

 Dipterocarps ; and the Columniferce, including the Lindens, 

 Mallows, Sterculiads and Biittnerias. 



In the Eucyclce the floral organs are all in whorls, all possess 

 both calyx and corolla, the flowers are hypogynous, tetramerous 

 or pentamerous, the stamens mostly in two whorls, one of which 

 is frequently incomplete, and the syncarpous gynaecium either 

 equals in the number of its component carpels the leaves of the 

 calyx or corolla, or it is composed of twice as many. The seeds 

 are usually exalbuminous. Included in the Eucyclce are the 

 Gruinales, represented by the Geraniums, Sorrels, Flaxes, Bal- 

 sams and Tropaeolums ; the TerebinthinecE, represented by the 

 Rues, Melias, Quassias, Zygophyllums, Burseras and Anacards; 

 the JUsculinece, represented by the Soapberries, Maples, Malpighi- 

 ads, Milkworts and Erythroxylons : the Frangulinece, represented 

 by the Hollies, Vines, Buckthorns, Pittosporums and Staff-trees. 



The Tricoccce, are, some of them, provided with a calyx and 

 corolla, but sometimes they are destitute of one or both ; the 

 ovary is superior and three-carpelled and usually trilocular, the 

 stamens and pistils are in distinct flowers but both on the same 

 plant. The Crowberries, Boxwoods, Spurges and Callitriches 

 constitute the group. 



The CalyciflorecE, have the floral organs mostly in whorls, and 

 the flowers nearly always perigynous or epigynous ; most of the 

 species have both calyx and corolla, the stamens are usually as 

 numerous or twice as numerous as the petals, but sometimes in 

 several whorls, and the pistils are most commonly syncarpous or, 

 in a few species, apocarpous. 



The principal subdivisions of the Calyciflorae are the Utnbel- 

 liflorce, Saxifraginece, Opuntiece, Myrtiflorce, Thymelinece, Rosi- 

 flori?, and Legiiminosce. To the Umbelliflorce belong the Parsleys, 



