388 PART IV. VEGETABLE TAXONOMY. 



Aralias and Dogwoods ; to the Saxifraginece, the Saxifrages, 

 Hydrangias, Escalonias, Philadelphese, Cunonias, Orpines, Cur- 

 rants and Parnassias ; to the Opuntiece, the Cactuses ; to the 

 Myrtiflorce, the Myrtles, Evening Primroses, Loosestrifes, Melas- 

 tomas, Water-Milfoils, Mangroves and Combretaceae ; to the 

 ThymelinecB, the Mezereums, the Oleasters and the Proteas ; to 

 the Rosiflorce, the Roses, Pears, Hawthorns, Service-berries, 

 Brambles, Plums, Almonds, Dryads, Spiraeas, Quillaias and 

 Chrysobalans ; and to the Leguminosce, the Pulses, Brasilletos 

 and Mimosas. 



To the Dicotyledons belong most of the valuable timber trees, 

 such as the species of Oak, Beech, Chestnut, Willow, Poplar, 

 Walnut, Hickory, Ash, Elm, Mahogany, Maple, Sycamore, Teak, 

 Basswood, Logwood, Lancewood, Rosewood, Ebony and Lignum 

 Vitse, and a very large number of valuable food-producing 

 plants. From them are obtained the Potato, Tomato, Sweet- 

 potato, Artichoke, Carrot, Celery, Parsnip, Cabbage, Cauliflower, 

 Turnip, Radish, Beet, Buckwheat, Peas, Beans, Lentils, Cassava, 

 Bread-fruit, Chocolate Bean, Coffee, Tea and nearly all our 

 edible fruits and nuts. 



Opium and the Cinchona alkaloids, the most valuable of 

 medicines, as well as belladonna, aconite, jalap, scammony, 

 podophyllum, ipecac, digitalis, colocynth, elaterium, gamboge, 

 kino, numerous resins, oleo-resins, gums, gum-resins, balsams, 

 fats and volatile oils are from this source. From the same group 

 are obtained most of the spices, as cloves, allspice, cinnamon, 

 nutmeg, mace, pepper and mustard, and such valuable dye-stuffs 

 as indigo, logwood, Brazil-wood, red-saunders, quercitrin, mad- 

 der and fustic. It includes the plants which produce cotton, 

 flax and hemp, and those which yield caoutchouc, gutta-percha 

 and balata gum ; it includes those strange insectivorous plants, 

 the Sundews, Venus' Fly-trap, the American and East Indian 

 Pitcher-plants, the Bladderworts and Pinguiculas ; and, lastly, 

 it includes the great majority of those plants which are cultivated 

 for ornament in our gardens and greenhouses, such as the Roses, 

 Wisterias, Violets, Verbenas, Phloxes, Heliotropes, Forget-me- 

 nots, Primroses, Fuchsias, Gloxinias, Calceolarias, Passion- 

 flowers, Campanulas, Honeysuckles, Rhododendrons, Azaleas, 

 Heaths, Camellias, Buttercups, Lupines, Asters, Poppies, Mal- 

 lows, Morning-glories and Mignonettes. 



