GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS. 



405 



Apostrophe. — A term applied to the posi- 

 tion assumed by chlorophyll-bodies, when, 

 under the influence of strong light, they 

 gather along the side-walls of the cells. 



Apothecium. — The fruiting organ in 

 Lichenes and ascomycetous Fungi in 

 which the hymenium is exposed during 

 the ripening of the ascospores. 



Appendiculate. — Furnished with an ap- 

 pendage, as an appendiculate anther. 



Aquatilis. — Living in water. 



Arboreous. — Tree-like. 



Arborescent. — Approaching a tree in size 

 and habits of growth. 



Arboretum. — A collection of trees arranged 

 for scientific study. 



Arbuscula. — A small shrub having the ap- 

 pearance of a diminutive tree. 



Archegonium. — The female reproductive 

 organ of Bryophyta and Pteridophyta. 



Archesporiim. — A term applied to the col- 

 iection of ceils which make up the layer 

 forming the pollen-sac in the anther. 



Archicarp. — A peculiar carpogonium which 

 has no special apparatus for receiving or 

 transmitting the fertilizing element, and 

 whose protoplasm is not rounded off to 

 form an oosphere. 



Areolatb. — With areola? or net-like mark- 

 ings. 



Aril — An outgrowth which forms an ex- 

 terior coat of some seeds, as the mace of 

 nutmegs. 



Akistate. — Tipped with a bristle. 



Ascending. — Applied to a stem or other 

 organ that rises obliquely upward. 



Ascidium. — A pitcher, or a pitcher-shaped 

 organ. 



Ascocarp. — The organ which in Ascomyce- 

 tes and Lichenes produces ascospores. 



Ascogonilm. — An archicarp, or, generally, 

 an imperfectly developed carpogonium. 



Assimilation. — A term applied in botany 

 to the formation of carbo-hydrate from 

 water and carbon-dioxide by the agency 

 of chlorophyll. 



Atavism. — The possession of ancestral 

 traits; reversion to the characteristics of 

 remote ancestors. 



Atropous. — Erect; not turned. Applied 

 to an ovule which is straight and has the 

 micropyle at one end and the hilum at the 

 opposite end. 



Auricle. — An ear, or an ear-like appendage. 



Auriculate.— Applied to a leaf that has 

 ear-like appendages at the base. 



Autqscious. — Applied to parasitic fungi 



which pass through all the stages of their 



existence on the same host. 

 Autogamous. — A name applied to flowers 



that are habitually self-fertilizing. 

 Autoplast — A name sometimes applied to 



a chlorophyll-body. 

 AuxospoRE. — A large spore produced, 



either asexually or by conjugation, in the 



Diatomacea?. 

 Axil — The upper one of the two angles 



formed by the junction of the leaf with the 



stem. 

 Axile, or Axial. — Belonging to the axis, 



or situated on the axis: a term describing 



that form of placentation in which the 



ovules are borne on the axis of the ovary. 



DACCATE.— Berry-like. 



Balustra. — A name applied to a fruit like 

 that of the pomegranate. 



Basidiospores. — The spores of the higher 

 fungi, which are produced by abjunction 

 from a large cell called a basidium. 



Basidium. — A large cell borne on the hyme- 

 nium of a fungus, which gives origin to 

 basidiospores. 



Basifugal. — In a direction awa;- from the 

 base. Applied to that form of leaf-growth 

 in which the growing area is situated near 

 the apex of the leaf. 



Basilar. — Situated at the base. Applied 

 to the style when inserted at or near the 

 base of the ovary. 



Basi petal. — In a basal direction. Applied 

 to that form of leaf-growth in which the 

 growing area is situated near the base of 

 the leaf. 



Bassorin. — A gum which swells extensively 

 in water but does not property dissolve. 

 It occurs in gum tragacanth. 



Bast. — A term applied to the inner layer of 

 the bark in Dicotyledons and Gymno- 

 sperms. 



Bast-fibers. — The thick-walled, fibrous 

 tissue found in the inner layer of the 

 bark. The term is also commonly ex- 

 tended so as to include other similar tis- 

 sues found elsewhere in the plant. 



Berry. — An indehiscent fruit with a peri- 

 carp which is succulent throughout, as 

 the Grape and Gooseberry. 



Bi-collateral. — Applied to fibro-vascular 

 bundles like those of the Pumpkin stem, 

 each of which consists of a xylem mass 

 between two masses of phloem. 



