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GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS. 



Cleistocarp. — An ascocarp in which the 



spores are completely enclosed and from 



which they escape by the rupturing of its 



walls. 



Cleistogamous.— Applied to flowers which 



are self-fertilizing and do not expand. 

 Clypeate. — Shaped like a buckler. 

 Coarctate. — Crowded together. 

 Cochlea. — A coiled legume, like that of 



Medicago. 

 Cochleate. — Spirally coiled like a snail- 

 shell. 

 CcenOPIUM. — A colony of independent cells 



held together by a common investment. 

 Cohesion. — Applied to the union of parts 

 of the same kind or which belong to the 

 same whorl. 

 Cohort. — A term used in classification. 

 Coleorhiza. — A sheath which envelopes 

 the radicle in some embryos and through 

 which roots penetrate when the seed ger- 

 minates. 

 Collateral. — Placed side by side. A term 

 applied to those fibro-vascular bundles 

 which consist of a phloem-mass and a 

 xylem-mass arranged side by side. 

 Collective Fruits. — Fruits which are the 

 product of numerous distinct flowers grow- 

 ing in compact clusters. Same as multiple 

 fruits. 

 Collenchyma. — Thick-angled tissue. A 

 modification of parenchyma in which the 

 walls of the cells are thickened at the 

 angles. 

 Columella. — A term applied to the persist- 

 ent axis of the capsule, found in many 

 Bryophyta. 

 Column. — A term applied to the united sta- 

 mens and pistils in the Orchids. 

 Com plan ate. — Flattened. 

 Coma. — A tuft of hairs attached to some 

 seeds, as those of the Milkweed and 

 Dogbane. 

 Comose. — Bearing a coma. 

 Concentric. — Having a common centre, as 

 of several circles or whorls one within the 

 other ; for example, the rings of growth of 

 a tree. Concentric fibro-vascular bundles 

 are those in which one portion of the bun- 

 dle, either xylem or phloem is located 

 centrally and the other is arranged 

 around it. 

 Conceptacle. — Applied to a cavity which 

 bears the fruiting organs in some Alga; 

 and Fungi. 



Conduplicate.— Doubled together. The 

 vernation of a leaf is conduplicate when 

 the two sides are folded together face to 

 face on the midrib. 



Confluent. — Blending gradually together 

 into one. 



Conidia. — Applied to the deciduous asex- 

 ual reproductive spores produced by many 

 fungi, such as those of the Bread-mould, 

 Penicillium. See also Gonidia. 



Conidiophorb. — The single hyphae or ag- 

 gregate of hyphal filaments which bear 

 conidia. Also called gonidiophore. 



Conjugation. — That form of sexual repro- 

 duction in which two cells, similar in size 

 and appearance, unite to form a spore. 



Connate. — Grown together, as is sometimes 

 the case with the bases of two opposite 

 leaves. 



Connective. — That portion of the anther 

 which connects the two lobes. 



Connivent. — Converging toward each 

 other ; applied to stamens which converge 

 above, as those of the Violet. 



Contorted.— Twisted together. That form 

 of aestivation in which the sepals or petals 

 are so placed that one edge of each is ex- 

 terior, and one interior, or overlapped 

 by the adjacent one, producing a twisted 

 appearance. 



Contractile. — Possessing the power of 

 contracting or shortening. 



Convolute. — Rolled up. Applied to leaves 

 or other flattened organs that are rolled 

 from one edge. 



Cordate. — Heart-shaped. Applied to a 

 leaf or other flattened organ which has a 

 deeply and sharply indented base, as the 

 leaves of Lilac and Basswood. 



Coriaceous. — Thickish and leathery in 

 texture. 



Corm. — A short, erect and thickened under- 

 ground stem with scaly leaves. 



Cormophyta. — A term formally applied to 

 vascular cryptogams and flowering plants 

 — to all plants possessing roots, stems and 

 leaves. 



Corneous. — Horny in texture, as horny 

 albumen, etc. 



Corolla. — The inner whorl of floral en- 

 velopes. 



Corona. — A crown-like appendage to the 



petals of certain flowers, as of the Pink. 

 Coronate. — Possessing a corona. 

 Corpusculum. — A name applied to the cen- 

 tral cell in the archegonium in Coniferae. 



