GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS. 



409 



Cortex. — Bark. The primary cortex is 

 that part of the fundamental system of 

 the stem or root which is outside of the 

 fibro-vascular bundles. 



Corymb. — A flower-cluster on the indeter- 

 minate plan, in which the axis is some- 

 what shortened and the pedicels of the 

 lower flowers somewhat lengthened, so as 

 to form a flat-topped cluster. 



Corymbose. — Corymb-like or arranged in 

 corymbs. 



Costate. — Ribbed ; applied to leaves 

 having two or more large veins running 

 from base to apex. 



Cotyledon. — One of the parts of the em- 

 bryo, homologous with a leaf and some- 

 times performing in part the functions of 

 one, but usually serving as a store-house 

 of food for the growing plantlet. 



Cremocarp. — The peculiar capsular fruit of 

 the natural order Umbellifera. 



Crenate. — Scalloped. 



Cremute. — Finely crenate. 



Cribriform. — Sieve-like. Cribriform tissue 

 is the same as sieve tissue. 



Cribrose. — Sieve-like. 



Crispate. — Crisped on the margin. Ap- 

 plied to certain leaves and fronds. 



Cross-fertilization. — The impregnation 

 of the female organ of one plant by the 

 male gamete from another. 



Cross-pollination. — The dusting of the 

 stigma of one flower with the pollen from 

 another. 



Crown. — (See Corona). 



Cruciform. — Cross-shaped. Applied to 

 flowers with four distinct petals arranged 

 in the form of a cross, as the flowers of 

 the Mustard. 



Crustaceous. — Hard and brittle. Also 

 forming a crust or closely adherent coat- 

 ing, as thecrustaceous Lichenes. 



Cryptogams. — A general term applied to 

 plants below Phanerogamia ; any flower- 

 less plant is called a cryptogam. 



Crystalloids. — Crystal-like proteid bodies 

 found in seeds, tubers, etc. 



Cucullate. — Hooded ; a term descriptive of 

 the form of certain leaves and floral organs. 



Culm. — The peculiar jointed stem of the 

 grasses. 



Cuxeate. — Wedge-shaped. 



CfPt le. — A cup like that of the acorn. 



Curvinerved. — Applied to leaves whose 

 veins are curved and nearly parallel in 

 their course. 



Cuspidate. — Applied to a leaf which is 

 abruptly terminated by a short, hard 

 point. 



Cutin. — Cork-substance: a modification of 

 cellulose also called suberin. 



Cutinization. — The formation of cutin. 



Cyath 1 form. — Cup-shaped. 



Cyclic. — Applied to flowers whose organs 

 are arranged in whorls. 



Cyme. — A loose flower-cluster on the deter- 

 minate or centrifugal plan. 



Cypsela. — A term sometimes applied to an 

 achenium which is invested with an adnate 

 calyx such as that of the Composite 



Cystocarp. — A name sometimes applied to 

 the sporocarp in the Florideae. 



Cystolith. — A stalked body, mainly com- 

 posed of calcium carbonate, found in the 

 cells of certain leaves, as in those of the 

 Nettle. 



Decandrous. — Possessing ten stamens. 



Decapetalous. — Possessing ten petals. 



nECIDUOUS.— Falling ofl". Applied to 

 leaves that Tall in autumn, and to the 

 calyx and corolla when they fall off before 

 the fruit develops. 



Declinate. — Bent downward. 



Decompound. — Many times compound. 



Decumbent. — Bent to one side; reclining. 



Decurrent. — Applied to leaves which are 

 prolonged down the side of the stem below 

 the point of their insertion. 



Decussate. — Literally, crossed. Applied 

 to opposite leaves when the successive 

 pairs each stand at right angles with the 

 pair next below them. 



Definite. — Limited or defined. In botany 

 applied to the annual growth of some 

 trees, such as the Hickory, that complete 

 the annual work of vegetation, and form 

 their buds for the succeeding year before 

 the close of the season. Also applied to 

 anthotaxy in the same sense as deter- 

 minate, q. v. 



Defoliation. — The process by which a 

 leaf separates from the stem in autumn. 



Dehisce. — To split open. Applied to the 

 splitting open of anthers to shed their pol- 

 len, of antheridia to set free their anthero- 

 zoids, of sporangia to shed their spores, 

 of certain fruits to shed their seeds, etc. 



Dehiscence. — The act of dehiscing or 

 splitting open. * 



Deliquescent. — Dissolving; applied to a 

 stem that divides into branches. 



