PHYLUM ARTHROPOD A 



3 6 7 



Fig. 308. — Order Hymenoptera. Ich- 

 neumon-fly, Thalessa lunator, laying eggs 

 (oviposition). (From Sedgwick's Zoology, 

 after Riley.) 



females of other mining 

 bees, e.g. Halictus, band 

 together and use a single 

 main burrow from which 

 the individual channels 

 branch off (Fig. 309, A). 

 These bees therefore have 

 a tendency toward com- 

 munity life. The bumble- 

 bees, Bombus, live in 

 colonies during the sum- 

 mer, but these colonies 

 are temporary, since all 

 members but the young 

 queens perish in the 

 autumn. And finally the 

 honey-bees, as we have 

 seen, are banded together 

 in permanent colonies and have a- very complex social life. 

 The solitary wasps (Eumenid.^) are miners, carpenters, or 

 masons, i.e. they dig tunnels in the earth, excavate cavities 

 in wood, or build mud-nests. Like the solitary bees, the Eu- 



menida? provision their nests, 

 lay their eggs, and then fly 

 away, leaving their young to 

 shift for themselves. 



Many of the digger-wasps 

 belong to the family Sphe- 

 gid^e. The mud-daubers 

 are common species. They 

 attach their mud-nests to the 

 ceilings of buildings or to the 

 Fig. 309. — Diagrams of nest burrows lower surface of stones, and 



of short-tongued mining bees. A, nest of ovision them with sp iders. 



Halictus. B, nest of Andrena. (From " r 



Hegner, after Kellogg.) The digger-wasps of the West 



