. CLASS MAMMALIA 667 



The human race may be divided into three primary groups 

 (Sedgwick): (1) the Negroid races, (2) the Mongolian, and (3) 

 the Caucasian. The Negroid races possess frizzly hair, dark 

 skin, a broad, flat nose, thick lips, prominent eyes / and large 

 teeth. They are the African Negroes, the South African Bush- 

 men, the Central African and Philippine Pygmies, the Melane- 

 sians, Tasmanians, and Australians. 



The Mongolian races possess black, straight hair, a yellow- 

 ish skin, a broad face with prominent cheek-bones, a small nose, 

 sunken narrow eyes, and teeth of moderate size. They are the 

 inhabitants of northern and central Asia, the Lapps, Finns, 

 Magyars, Turks, Esquimaux, Malay, brown Polynesians, and 

 American Indians. 



The Caucasian, or white races, possess soft, straight hair, a 

 well-developed beard, retreating cheek-bones, a narrow promi- 

 nent nose, and small teeth. There are two main varieties: 

 (1) the Xanthochroi, with fair, white skin, ranging from north- 

 ern Europe into North Africa and western Asia; and (?) the 

 Melanochroi, with black hair, and white to black skin, inhabit- 

 ing southern Europe, northern Africa, and southwestern Asia. 



An extinct species of man, Homo neanderthalensis, has been 

 named from remains found in a limestone cave in the Neander- 

 thal, near Diisseldorf, Germany. The skull is distinctly human, 

 and is the most primitive and least specialized of any known. 



Order Artiodactyla. — Even-toed Hoofed Mammals. — This 

 order contains the majority of the " game " animals, and in- 

 cludes the pigs (Suld^e) , peccaries (Tayassutd^e) , hippopotami 

 (Hippopotamid.e) , camels and llamas (Camelid^e), chevro- 

 tains (Tragulid^:), giraffes (Giraffid.e), deer (Cervid^e), 

 pronghorn antelopes (Antilocaprid^e), and antelopes, sheep, 

 goats, cattle, etc. (Bovid^:). These animals are characterized 

 by the presence of an even number of hoofed toes; the axis of 

 symmetry passes between digits three and four. The families 

 Tayassuid^e, Cervid^e, Antilocaprid^e, and Bovid^e are repre- 

 sented in North America. 



