AMMONIA 89 



ally prepared from ammonium chlorid by treatment with 

 a strong base, as Ca(OH) 2 . The reaction is : 



2 NH 4 C1 -|- Ca(OH) 2 = CaCl 2 -f 2NH 4 OH. 



Experiment 16. Preparation of ammonia. Arrange appa- 

 ratus as directed for the preparation of HC1 (see Fig. 40). Into 

 flask A, place 10 grams each of dry ammonium chlorid, NH 4 C1, and 

 powdered calcium hydroxid, Ca(OH) 2 , and 25 cc. water. Barium 

 hydroxid, Ba(OH) 2 , may be used in place of the Ca(OH) 2 . When 

 properly connected, apply heat to the sand-bath from eight to 

 twelve minutes. 



Tests for Ammonia, (i) Test the gas with wet litmus paper. 

 Note the result. (2) Test the water in both Woulff bottles with 

 litmus paper, and note the result. (3) In an evaporator place 5 cc. 

 HC1 and 10 cc. water. Disconnect the delivery tube from Woulff 

 bottle C, and pass some of the fumes of the escaping gas over the 

 acid in the evaporator. Avoid inhaling any of the gas. (4) Col- 

 lect some of the gas in a test-tube and then place the test-tube in- 

 verted in a cylinder about one-third full of water. (5) Adds cc. 

 of the NH 3 solution from either of the Woulff bottles to 5 cc. of a 

 solution of alum. Note the result. 



Questions, (i) What material supplied the NH 4 part of the 

 NH 4 OH ? (2) What caused 4:he gas to be liberated from these ma- 

 terials? (3) What chemical reaction took place in flask A after 

 the heat was applied ? (4) Why was water used in the Woulff 

 bottle? (5) What did the water and the NH 3 gas form? (6) 

 What reaction did the NH 3 gas and the NH 4 OH give with the lit- 

 mus paper ? (7) Why was not this gas given off into the room? 



(8) Why was not NH 3 collected over water, like H, N, and O? 



(9) What caused the water to rise in the test-tube? (10) Why 

 have you reason to believe that the NH 4 OH caused a chemical re- 

 action when added to the solution of alum ? 



98. Properties. Ammonia is a colorless non-combus- 

 tible pungent gas, which unites with water to form am- 

 monium hydroxid, NH 4 OH, a basic compound. It is 



