XXIV.] 



URINARY DEPOSITS, ETC. 



153 



(ii.) The original substance does not give the murexide test. 

 Treat the original substance with hydrochloric acid. 



It dissolves with effervescence . . 



It dissolves with effervescence 

 ( It melts. 

 The origi- 

 nal stone 

 treated 

 with KHO 

 It does not "| 

 melt on V 



It dissolves 

 without ef- 

 fervescence. 

 Heat the 

 original sub- 

 stance, and 

 treat it with 

 HC1 



There is no 

 effervs'ce. 

 Heat in a 

 capsule . 



. 



NH 3 



heating 



( Calcium carbonate. 

 | Magnesium earb. 

 = Calcium oxalate. 



Triple phosphate. 

 Neut. calc. phosp. 



= Acid calc. phosp. 



110 1 



9. General Examination of the Urine. 



(i.) Quantity in twenty-four hours (normal 50 oz., or 1500 cc.). 



(ii.) Colour, Odour, and Transparency (if bile or blood be sus- 

 pected, test for them). 



(iii.) Specific Gravity of the mixed urine (if above 1030, test for 

 sugar). 



(iv.) Reaction (normally slightly acid ; if alkaline, is the alkali 

 volatile or fixed ?). 



(v.) Heat. 



(a.} If a turbid urine becomes clear = urates. 



(b.) If it becomes turbid = earthy phosphates or albumin. 

 Albumin is precipitated before the boiling-point is reached (73 

 C.), whilst phosphates are thrown down about the boiling-point. 

 It is necessary, however, to add HN0 3 , which will dissolve the 

 phosphates, but not the albumin. A case may occur where both 

 urates and albumin are present ; on carefully heating, the urine 

 will first become clear (urates), and then turbid, which turbidity 

 will not disappear on adding HN0 3 (albumin). Estimate approxi- 

 mately the amount of albumin present. 



(vi.) Test for Chlorides, with H1S T 3 and AgN0 3 (if albumin be 

 present, it must be removed by boiling and filtration). 



(vii.) If sugar be suspected, test for sugar (Moore's, Trommer's, 

 or Fehling's test), and if albumin be present, remove it. 



(viii.) Make naked-eye, microscopic, and chemical examinations 

 of the sediment. 



