The whole stability and success of a house depends upon the 

 strength anC proper arrangement of the timbers of the frame. 

 To write a volume on the subjact is not the purpose of this 

 chapter; only i;he most important features of framing will 

 be touched upon. 



FRAME BUILDING FROM FOUNDATION TO ROOF. 



FOUNDATION* 



For the fotindstion of a building a solid wall of 

 concrete or a wall of rocks laid in mortar is without ques- 

 tion best. (Refer to pages 9 and 10 of the Concrete 

 Section of the Manual). Concrete is very expensive under 

 conditions influencing Forest Service building. Statutory 

 limitations of building costs in the majority of cases 

 prohibits use of concrete or masonry walls as foundations. 

 The next beat is then the only choice. Cut No 1 illus- 

 trates acceptable types of foundations. 



A FSff DCK'TS. 



1. Never place sills in direct contact with the 

 ground. In "buildings without floors, raise the sills off 

 the ground by foundation blocks of appropriate height and 

 fill space between foundation blocks with a dry wall of 



stones. 



2. Never use wood blocks for footing of underpinning. 

 If approprifcce rocks are not available, it will pay to haul 

 them from some distant point or to provide footings of con- 

 crete, 



3. Never place foundations of any kind upon loose 

 or shifting earth. The integrity of a building depends 

 upon the foundation. If solid earth to support the founda- 

 tion of a building cannot be found, refer the case to the 

 District Forester for advice before going ahead with the 

 construction of a permanent building. 



B,M. (29) 



