of providing a level building site, the slopes 

 of the excavation resulting must clear the sides 

 of the building by at least 3 oet. I.f uocej- 

 sary, provision should be made to prevent sarth 

 caving from the embankment from contacting with 

 the sills and foundation posts if of wood. 



FOUNDATIONS. 



-Foundations should be either of- 

 (a) 6"x6" heart cedar, redwood or Douglas 

 fir underpinning, set upon substantial flat 

 stones of sufficient thickness to project at 

 least 4 inches above the ground. Woe ,1 1)3ock3 

 should never be used for footings unaer iouno-a- 

 tlon posts 



'(b) If substantial stones are not avail- 

 able, provide a masonry or concrete footing, 

 For masonry use only hard stones, preferably 

 flat ones. All should be carefully imbedded on 

 their broadest faces in mortar of 1 part ce-uent 

 and 2 parts coarse, clean, sharp sand. Each 

 layer should be well filled and flushed up on 

 both sides and firmly bonded together. The $ops 

 should be made le/el to receive the underpinning. 

 See Table Ho. C-4 



(c) large stones of sufficient thickness 

 to raise the s:ll to a height of at least 12 

 inches above the ground. 



(d) Blocks of 'masonry or concrete at 

 least 12 inches hi,>h, 10 inches wide on top and 

 16 inches square ai the "bottom. The top of con- 

 crete and masonry blocks should be made level 



to receive the sills. See Concrete Section, 

 and Table No. C-4. 



(e) If water and 'sewer pipes are to be 

 placed under a building, foundation blocks or 

 underpinning must be at least 24 inches high. 



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