EXCAVATION. 



Excavation for the foundation of the building 

 shall be carried down to solid earth. If practicPble to do 

 so, the bottom of the excavation shall be level and smooth. 

 When necessary to grade into a slope for the purpose of 

 providing level ground upon v/hi^h to place the building, 

 the erctankraont resulting must clear the sides of the 

 building by at least three feet and provision should bd 

 made to prevent earth which may subsequently become loosen- 

 ed from contacting with the sills, and the foundation 

 posts, if of wood. 



FOUNDATION. 



Do not place foundation blocks or underpinning 

 further apart than 7 feet on center. Where snow loads are 

 excessive, or the ground is not firm, place foundation 

 blocks or underpinning on 4 foot center under all outside 

 sills; on 6 foot centers under all exterior sills and 

 girts. Where underpinning on short centers are necessary, 

 add sufficient material to the lumber order list to provide 

 for them. 



Foundation blocks, if the building site is 

 level, should ordinarily be of large stones of sufficient 

 thickness to raise the sill at least 6" above the grouni. 

 The sill should be placed directly upon these stonos. If 

 suitable stones ere not available, consrete or masonry 

 blocks may be providedsee Concrete section of the 

 Circular-Foundations . A dry wall should be set up 

 between foundation blocks under all outside sills. If the 

 building site is not level, and it is impracticable to 

 make it level, foundations should be either of - 



(a).- 6" x 6" heart cedar, redwood or Douglas fir 

 underpinning, set upon substantial flat stones of 

 sufficient thickness to project at least 4 inches above 

 the ground, flood blocks should never be used for footings 

 under foundation po'sts. 



(b).- If substantial stones are not available, a mason- 

 ry footing should be provided. For masonry use only hard 

 stones perferably flat ones. All should be carefully im- 

 bedded on their broadest faces in mortar of 1 part ceueut 

 and two parts coarse, clean, sharp Land. Each layer should 

 be well filled and flushed up on both sides and firmly bond- 

 ed together. The tops should b made level to receive the 

 underpinning. See Eeble Po. C-4. 



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