EXCAVATION. 



Excavation for the foundation of the building 

 shall be carried down to solid earth. The bottcn of o-ie ex- 

 cavation sbal?,. be level and smooth-. When necessary to grade 

 into unlevel ground for the purpose of pi-cvidiiig a level 

 building site, the slopes of the excavations resulting cnst 

 clear the sides of the building by at least 3 feet. T.f 

 necessary, provision should be made to prevent earth caving 

 from the erobanktrent from contacting with th.3 bill's.. If 

 foundation posts are of wood, they too should be protected. 



FOUNDATION. 



Do not place foundation blocks or underpinning 

 further apart than V feet en center. Where snow loads are 

 excessive or the ground is not firm, place foundation blocks 

 or underpinning on 4 foot center under all outside sillr,, on 

 6 foot centers under all exterior sills end girts , TTnere 

 underpinning on short centers are necessary, add sufficient 

 materia.4. to the lumber order list to provide for them. 



Foundations should be either of - 



(a) 6" x 6" heart cedar, redwood or Douglas fir under- 

 pinning, set upon substantial flat stones. -..of sufficient thick- 

 ness to project at least 4 inches above the grcunl. Wocd 



bl ocks should never be nsed for footings under foundation 

 posts. 



(b) If substantial stones are not available, a masonry 

 footing should be provided. For masonry use only hard 

 stones, preferably flat ones. All should be carefully im- 

 bedded on their broadest faces in mortar of 1 parv csement and 

 2 parts coarse, caean, sharp caul., Sach layer should be well 

 filled and flushed up on booh sides anO. firmly bonded together. 

 The topfi -should be made level to receive the underpinning. 



See Table Wo. C~4. 



(c) Large stones of sufficient thickness to raise the 

 sill to a height of at least 12 inches above the ground. 



(d) Blocks of masonry or concrete at least 12 inches 

 high, 1C inches v?ide on top and 16 inches square at the bottom. 

 The top of concrete and masonry blocks should be made level to 

 receive the sills. See Concrete Section and Table No. C-4. 



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