by reC.ucin costs. I shall deal with the latter. Costs 

 may "be reduced, roughly speaking, in two v/ays. 



(1) By arbitrarily cutting forces and dropping various 

 lines * work. 



(2) By increasing efficiency in individuals and the 

 organization s that outs in force will follow logically 

 without sacrifice of quantity or quality of the work. 



Scientific management indicates the second method* 

 The principlasd cf scientific management as worked 

 out by Mr. Frederick W. Taylor are as follows: 



1 Development (by the management , not the workmen) 

 of the science of executing the work, with exact rules and 

 standardization of implements and working conditions. 



* Gareful selection and training of workmen into 

 first-class men, and elimination of all men who refuse to 

 or are unable to adopt the best methods. 



3 Bringing the first-class workman and the science of 

 doing the work together, through the management, and through 

 paying a bonus for efficiency. 



4. An almost equal division of the work and responsi- 

 bility between the workman and the management. 



May be summarized as: Science, not rule of thumb. 

 Harmony, not discord. Cooperation, not individualism. 

 Maximum output, in place of restricted output. The develop- 



15 



