Cytotoxic Serums 121 



factors, while the action of the lysins of venom, the tetanus 

 bacillus, the streptococcus, Bacillus pyocyaneus, and other 

 micro-organisms, is direct and immediate. 



Myers found, however, that the hemolytic substance of 

 venom, and Madsen that the hemolytic products of Bacillus 

 tetani, also produce reactions in animals, and that when suc- 

 cessful immunization against them was accomplished, the 

 serums of the experiment animals became antidotal or in- 

 hibiting to the action of the respective lysins. 



Von Diingern* found that by injecting dissociated epithe- 

 lial cells from the trachea of oxen into the peritoneal cavity 

 of guinea-pigs, it was possible to produce epitheliolysins ; 

 Lindemann,f that emulsions of kidney substance injected 

 into animals caused them to form nephro-lysins or nephro- 

 toxins ; Landsteiner J and Metschnikoff in the same manner 

 successfully prepared spermatoxin by injecting the sperma- 

 tozoa of one animal into the peritoneal cavity of another. 

 Metalnikoffli found that if he introduced the spermatozoa of 

 a guinea-pig into the peritoneum of another, the spermo- 

 toxic serum produced was solvent for the spermatozoa of 

 both. Both Metschnikoff and Metalnikoff also found that 

 the spermotoxin when introduced into animals was active 

 in producing anti-spermotoxin by which the destructive 

 action of the serum upon spermatozoa could be inhibited. 



Metschnikoff ** and Funck ff found that animals treated 

 with emulsions of the spleen, and mesenteric lymph-nodes 

 of one kind of animal, produced sera whose action was 

 agglutinative and solvent for leukocytes and lymph-cells. 

 Delezene { J found that dissociated liver cells injected into 

 animals similarly caused the formation of a cytotoxic serum 

 whose specific destructive action was upon them. 



All of these reactions are indirect and intermediate, and 

 take place under appropriate conditions both in the bodies of 

 animals and in the test-tube. 



But the number of antigenic reactions that can be brought 

 about in the bodies of animals seems to be limitless, and, 

 strange as it may seem, the antibodies produced in the body 



* " Miinchener med. Wochenschrift," 1899. 



t "Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," 1900. 



t "Centralbl. f. Bakt.," etc., 1899, xxv. 



"Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," 1899. 



i| Ibid., 1900. ** Ibid., 1899- 



ft "Centralbl. f. Bakt.," etc., xxvn, 1900. 

 it " Compte rendu de 1'Acad. des Sciences," 1900, cxxx, pp. 938, 1488. 



