1 50 Immunity 



and further precipitated with magnesium sulphate, which 

 throws down globulins. They therefore think they are inti- 

 mately related to the globulins and to fibrinogen. A tem- 

 perature of 60 C. diminishes their activity, but they are not 

 destroyed below 80 C. Sunlight has no effect upon them. 



Metschnikoff looks upon agglutination as preliminary to 

 phagocytosis and to bacteriolysis, and thinks it the effect 

 of enzymes in the serum preparing and clustering the bacteria 

 to be taken up by the phagocytes. Ehrlich finds in the 

 agglutinins nothing more than receptors of what he denomi- 

 nates the II order, each of which possesses a zymophore and 

 an agglutinophore group.* 



Malvozf found that the addition of chemical substances, 

 such as safranin, vesuvin, and corrosive sublimate, to cul- 

 tures of the typhoid bacilli would cause their agglutination. 

 Typhoid bacilli retained on the Chamberland filter and 

 washed for a long time, could no longer be agglutinated, and 

 were found to have lost their flagella and to be without mo- 

 tion, and led Dineur,| who made additional experiments, to 

 conclude that agglutination depended upon the flagella. 

 Malvoz found that bacteria were sometimes agglutinated 

 by their own metabolic products. He prepared a fresh 

 culture of the first vaccine of the anthrax bacillus by thor- 

 oughly distributing it through c.c. of distilled water, and 

 then added a loopful of a six-day-old culture. After stand- 

 ing for a few hours typical agglutinations were observed 

 under the microscope. 



H. C. Ernst and Robey|| think that flagella have nothing 

 to do with agglutination, which subsequent experiment has 

 shown to be correct, as many non-flagellated bacteria can 

 be agglutinated by their respective serums. 



Bail,** Joos,tt Eisenberg and VollJt have shown that all 

 of the agglutinins possess haptophore and agglutinophore 

 groups, either of which may be destroyed without the other. 

 Thus typhoid agglutinative serum when exposed to a tem- 



* See Nothnagel's "Specielle Pathologic und Therapie," vm, 1901. 



f "Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," 1897, No. 6. 



t " Bull, de 1'Acad. de Med. de Belgique," 1898, iv, p. 705. 



" Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur," Aug. 25, 1899, 



|| " Trans. Cong. Amer. Phys. and Surg.," 1900, p. 26. 

 ** " Archiv f. Hyg.," 1902, XLII, Heft 4. 

 tf "Zeitschr. f. Hyg.," xxxvi, 1901. p. 422. 

 tt Ibid., XL, 1902, p. 155. 



