582 



Plague 



Punjab, and Madras were visited. In 1898 the disease spread 

 greatly throughout India and into Turkestan, and by sea went 

 to Madagascar and Mauritius. In 1899 it extended still 

 more widely in India and China, Japan and Formosa, and 

 succeeded in disseminating as widely as the Hawaiian Islands 

 and New Caledonia on the east, Portugal, Russia, and 

 Austria on the west, and Brazil and Paraguay on the south. 

 In 1900 it had spread to nearly every part of the world. In 

 these places when sanitary measures could not be carried into 

 effect the people died in great numbers thus in India in 

 1901 there were 362,000 cases and 278,000 deaths. Where 



I 



Fig. 201. Axillary bubo. (Reproduced from Simpson's "A Treatise 

 on Plague," 1905, by kind permission of the Cambridge University 

 Press.) 



the precautions were possible and co-operation between the 

 people and the authorities could be brought about, as in New 

 York, San Francisco, and other North American and Euro- 

 pean ports, the disease remained confined pretty well within 

 limits and did not spread. An interesting account of "The 

 Present Pandemic of Plague" by J. M. Eager, was published 

 in 1908 in Washington, D. C., by the U. S. Public Health and 

 Marine Hospital Service. 



Plague is an extremely fatal affection, whose ravages in the 

 hospital at Hongkong, in which Yersin made his original 

 observations, carried off 95 per cent, of the cases. The 

 death-rate varies in different epidemics from 50 to 90 per 



