646 Typhoid Fever 



In military camps, etc., the fly as a carrier of the infection 

 must first be excluded from the latrines and then as well from 

 the kitchens and mess tents. When epidemics are in prog- 

 ress, green vegetables and oysters that may be polluted by 

 infected water must be guarded against. 



Prophylactic Vaccination. Following the principle of 

 Haffkine's anticholera inoculations, Pfeiffer and Kolle,* 

 Wright,! and Wright and SempleJ have used subcutaneous 

 injections of sterilized cultures as a prophylactic measure. 

 One cubic centimeter of a bouillon culture sterilized by heat 

 was used. 



The "Indian Medical Gazette" gives the following im- 

 portant figures showing what was accomplished in 1899: 

 Among the British troops in India there were 1312 cases of 

 typhoid fever, with 348 deaths (25 per cent.). The ratio of 

 admissions to the total strength was 20.6 per 1000. There 

 were 4502 inoculations, and among them there were only 9 

 deaths from typhoid fever 0.2 per cent, of the strength. 

 There were 44 admissions, giving 0.98 per cent, of the 

 strength. Among the non-inoculated men of the same 

 corps and at the same stations, of 25,851 men there were 

 657 cases and 146 deaths, giving the relative percentages 

 of admissions and deaths as 2.54 and 0.56. 



In a later contribution, Wright || showed that the pro- 

 phylactic vaccination against typhoid fever reduced the 

 number of cases and diminished the death-rate among the 

 inoculated, and also called attention to the slight risk the 

 inoculated run of being injured in case their vital resistance 

 is below normal, or they are already in the early stages of 

 the disease, or where the dose administered is too large or 

 the second vaccination given too soon after the first. 



In 1903 Wright** published new statistics on the subject, 

 and between 1903 and 1908 numerous references to the 

 subject appear in the "British Medical Journal," in the 

 "Lancet," and in the "Journal of the Royal Army Medical 

 Corps," all favorable in their general attitude. 



During the Mexican Revolution of 1911, the United States 



*" Deutsche med. Wochenschrift," 1896, xxn; 1898, xxiv. 

 t "Lancet," Sept., 1896. 

 J "Brit. Med. Jour.," 1897, i, p. 256. 

 "Phila. Med. Jour.," Oct. 13, 1900, p. 688. 

 || "The Lancet," Sept. 6, 1902. 

 ** "Brit. Med. Jour.," Oct. 10, 1903. 



