648 Typhoid Fever 



Stern* found in the blood of human convalescents a substance 

 thought to have a protective effect upon infected guinea-pigs. 

 His observation is in accordance with a previous one by 

 Chantemesse and Widal, and has recently been abundantly 

 confirmed. 



The immunization of dogs and goats by the introduction 

 of increasing doses of virulent cultures has been achieved 

 by Pfeiffer and Kolle f and by Loffler and Abel. | From these 

 animals immune serums were secured. 



Walger reported 4 cases treated successfully with a serum 

 obtained from convalescent patients. Ten cubic centimeters 

 were given at a dose, and the injection was repeated in i case 

 with relapse. 



Rumpfll and Kraus and Buswell** report a number of 

 cases of typhoid favorably influenced by hypodermic injec- 

 tions of small doses of sterilized cultures of Bacillus pyo- 

 cyaneus. 



Jez ft believes that the antitoxic principle in typhoid fever 

 is contained in some of the internal organs instead of the 

 blood, and claims to have obtained remarkable results in 

 1 8 cases treated with extracts of the bone-marrow, spleen, 

 and thymus of rabbits previously injected with the typhoid 

 bacillus. 



Chantemesse, it Pope, and Steele|| || have all used serums 

 from animals immunized against typhoid cultures for the 

 treatment of typhoid fever, with more or less success. An 

 analysis of the results will, however, show them to be very 

 inconclusive. 



The serum prepared by Macfadyen,*** by crushing cul- 

 tures frozen with liquid air and injecting animals with the 

 thus liberated intracellular toxin, seems to be no improve- 

 ment upon others. 



* " Zeitschrif t fur Hygiene," 1894, xvi, p. 458. 



t "Centralbl. f. Bakt. u. Parasitenk.," Jan., 23, 1896, Bd. xix, No. 

 23, P- 51- 



J Ibid, 1896. 



"Miinchener med. Wochenschrift," Sept. 27, 1898. 



|| "Deutsche med. Wochenschrift," 1893, No. 41. 

 ** "Wiener klin. Wochenschrift," July 12, 1894. 

 ft "Med. moderne," March 25, 1899. 

 tJ "Gaz. des Hopitaux," 1898, LXXI, p. 397. 

 "Brit. Med. Jour.," 1897, i, 259. 

 Illl Ibid., April 17, 1897. 

 *** "Brit. Med. Jour.," April, 3, 1903. 



