802 Frambesia Tropica 



propriate, both for demonstrating it in smears from the le- 

 sions or in sections of tissue. 



Cultivation. Up to the beginning of 1912 the organism 

 had not yet been cultivated. 



Pathogenesis. Castellani* has succeeded in infecting 

 monkeys with the scrapings from yaws papules. The infec- 

 tion usually resulted in a local lesion, though there was also 

 a generalized infection, for he found treponemata everywhere 

 in the lymph-nodes. When the inoculation material was 

 filtered and all of the organisms removed, the infectivity was 

 destroyed. Blood and splenic substance from the infected 

 monkey, containing no organisms other than the treponemata, 

 was infective for other monkeys. When monkeys success- 

 fully inoculated with yaws are afterward infected with syphil- 

 itic virus they are not immune. On the other hand, monkeys 

 that have successfully been inoculated with syphilis are not 

 immune against yaws. Levaditi and Nattan-Larrier f differ 

 from Castellani in this particular, and found that monkeys 

 infected with syphilis are refractory to yaws. Castellani 

 was able, by means of complement-fixation tests, to detect 

 different specific antibodies for syphilis and yaws. Halber- 

 stadterj has successfully infected orang-outangs. 



There is no doubt but that in their clinical manifestations 

 arid in their etiology frambesia and syphilis are closely 

 related. 



* "Jour, of Hygiene," 1907, vn, p. 558. 



t "Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur.," 1908, xxu, 260. 



t "Arbeiten a. d. Kaiserl. Gesund.," 1907, xxvi, 48. 



